1. Taking a closer look at the foods that we eat.

2.  What kinds of claims can be made about the link between sugar and diabetes, obesity, heart disease, weight gain and tooth decay?  What claims have the most evidence? Based on the evidence, and that fact that some of the evidence is inconclusive, what health recommendations would you make about sugar consumption?

3.  Claims- to assert or maintain as a fact: She claimed that he was telling the truth.  Evidence-that which tends to prove or disprove something; ground for belief; proof.  2.something that makes plain or clear; an indication or sign: His flushed look was visible evidence of his fever.  Retrieved from Dictionary.com

4. WHAT IS A FOOD ADDITIVE?  Any substance added to food.  Direct- added to a food for a specific purpose  Indirect-become part of the food due to packaging, storage, or other handling.  Must prove to form safe before permitted to add to food. FUNCTION OF FOOD ADDITIVES  To Maintain Safety and Freshness  Slow mold  Control contamination and possible food borne illness  To improve or maintain nutritional value  Make up for any lacking nutrients in your diet  Improve taste, texture, and appearance  Enhance taste  Improve appearance  Help texture  Aid in appearance

5.  Have been used for many years to preserve, flavor, blend, thicken, and color foods.  Strictly studied, regulated, and monitored.  Federal regulations require evidence that each substance is safe before added to food.

7.  Americans consume on average more than 200 calories each day from sugary drinks  Four times what they consumed in 1965  Strong evidence indicates this has been a major contributor to the obesity and diabetes epidemics.  the American Heart Association found that the average American eats 22 teaspoons of “added” sugars per day.  For your reference, 1 teaspoon is 4 grams of sugar.  A can of coke has 39 grams of added sugar, or almost 10 teaspoons of sugar.  Recommendations:  Men no more than 9 teaspoons of added sugar per day  Women- no more than 6 teaspoons of added sugar per day.

8.  Sugar Toxic????? Sugar Toxic?????  Do you feel like this is a controversy that is unnecessary? Explain Describe how the video explains that sugar can be toxic.

9.  Crave Sugar Crave Sugar  What is released when we eat sugar?  How does the brain crave sugar?  Brain on Sugar Brain on Sugar

10.  Substances used in place of sugar or sugar alcohols.  Can help people who are trying to lose weight  Provide sweetness without adding extra calories  Can help prevent tooth decay and control blood sugar for diabetes patients  Chemically processed

11.  More research is also needed on the safety of artificial sweeteners.  There is no clear evidence that the artificial sweeteners sold and used in the United States are linked to cancer or coronary heart disease risk in humans.

12.  Aspartame- Equal– 220 times sweeter than sugar  Sucralose-Splenda– 600 times sweeter than sugar  Saccharin- Sweet-n-Low– 200-700 times sweeter than sugar  Monk Fruit- 150-200 times sweeter than sugar  Acesulfame K- Sweet One  Neotame

13.  To date, the FDA has approved the use of five artificial sweeteners; each one is far sweeter than regular sugar. (55) They include: Bellisle F, Drewnowski A. Intense sweeteners, energy intake and the control of body weight. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61:691-700.55Eur J Clin Nutr Artificial sweetenerBrand namesSweetness as compared to sugar AspartameEqual ®, NutraSweet ®, others180 times sweeter than sugar Acesulfame-KSunett ®, Sweet One ® 200 times sweeter than sugar SaccharinSweet’N Low ®, Necta Sweet ®, others 300 times sweeter than sugar SucraloseSplenda ® 600 times sweeter than sugar NeotameNo brand names7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar

14.  One natural low-calorie sweetener, stevia, has not yet been evaluated by the FDA.  Stevia is about 300 times sweeter than sugar.  There are no long-term studies of the health effects of stevia.

15.  Natural sugar is the kind of sugar contained in fruits, vegetables, and other plants.  Natural sugars occur most plentifully in fruits, which is what gives them their sweet taste.  In the United States, sugars that have been refined or processed, even minimally, cannot be sold under the “natural” label.

16.  Fruits and Sugar Fruits and Sugar

17.  Looking at sugar on Food Labels Activity

19.  Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - Myths and Truths Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - Myths and Truths  What are your thoughts on Genetically Modified Foods after watching this clip.

20. GENETICALLY MODIFIED MORE THAN 70 MILLION ACRES SINCE 1986.  Does not require labeling.  Process of breaking the natural boundaries that exist between species  Produces desired traits  Example: genes from salmon can be spliced into tomatoes to make them more resistant to cold weather HYBRIDIZATION  The fertilization of the flower of one species by the pollen of another species

21.  Hotly debated subject.  In the 1930s, Milford Beeghly created new hybrids of corn that were more resistant to insects and easier to grow than the original strain.  Many felt that this was against nature or immoral, but the hybrids proved to be commercially successful for the farmers that used them in their fields.

22.  More than ½ of America's processed grocery products contain gene-altered ingredients.  Splicing the genes makes the tomatoes crops larger when the weather is unfavorable.

23.  11 year old speaks about Modified Foods 11 year old speaks about Modified Foods

25.  Refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products  Fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, and meat.  Designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution  Do not use conventional methods to fertilize and control weeds.  Use natural fertilizers, crop rotation, or mulch to manage weeds.

26.  View the video to the left and pay attention to the differences in the way that conventional and organic farmers grow their foods. What is Organic?

27.  No generally accepted definition of “local food”  Typically involve smaller farmers, heterogeneous products, and short supply chains  Farmer’s perform marketing functions: including storage, packaging, transportation, distribution, and advertising.

28.  Local Food Movement Local Food Movement  As you view the clip, answer any questions that go along with this topic.

30.  Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health, especially your digestive system.  Probiotics are naturally found in your body. You can also find them in some foods and supplements.

31.  Probiotin Probiotin  Although this is for a particular product, the information presented in the video is good at explaining why there is an increased need in adding probiotics to your diet.

32.  When you lose "good" bacteria in your body, probiotics can help replace them.  They can lower the amount of "bad" bacteria in your system.  They can help balance your "good" and "bad" bacteria to keep your body working like it should.

33.  Lactobacillus. This may be the most common probiotic. It’s the one you’ll find in yogurt and other fermented foods.  Bifidobacterium. You can also find it in some dairy products.  Probiotics help move food through your gut

34.  Researchers are still trying to figure out which are best for certain health problems.  Some common conditions they treat are:  Irritable bowel syndrome  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)  There is also some research to show they ease the symptoms of non-stomach-related problems like:  Skin conditions, like eczema  Preventing allergies and colds  Oral health

35.  We have discussed 4 Nutrition Controversies that are sometimes heavily discussed. Choose one and write a response to the following.  I feel that it is important for consumers to understand the following facts about ________________.  Your response should be at least 2 paragraphs in length and provide some evidence.

36.  Food Additive Overview Food Additive Overview http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagin gLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm0942 11.htm  Webmd.com

37.  The next topic we will cover is obesity. You will have an individual research and presentation assignment. This is be a big portion of the final 9 weeks grade. Do not procrastinate these last weeks  Finish Strong!!!!  4 th 9 Weeks Topics  Finish Nutrition Controversies- Response Paper  Obesity- Individual Research and Presentations  The Food Supply- where does your food come from?  Creating a Sensory Experiment( will likely be the final)  Final Portfolio