1. THE PERIODIC TABLE
2º ESO NATURAL SCIENCES

2. Introduction……
The periodic table represents all of the known elements arranged in groups according to similar properties.
Elements are arranged in the table in order of their atomic number.
Each box contains the symbol, for the element, the name of the element and it´s atomic number.
The atomic number of the element is the number of protons and the number of electrons in the atoms of the element.
¡REMEMBER!
The periodic table contains all of the naturally occuring and man-made elements

3. Hydrogen is a Non-Metal
NON METALS
METALS

4. Most Reactive
Least Reactive

5. Alkaline Earth Metals
Boron Elements
Carbon Elements
Oxygen Elements
Nitrogen Elements

6. Hydrogen
(Example 1)
Hydrogen is the lightest element and can be used as a lifting agent in balloons.
Since Hydrogen gas is highly inflammable, it can be dangerous to use.
This property and others make Hydrogen suitable for use as a fuel.
The most common use of Hydrogen is in chemical processes and reactions.

7. Alkaline Metals
Alkaline Metals have the following properties in common:
They have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metals.
They are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife.
They have low densities (lithium, sodium and potassium will float on water)
They react quickly with water, producing hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
Their hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions.

8. Potassium Alkaline - Expample 2 Properties Soft Reacts with air
Fun fact.....
Potassium chloride is used
in the lethal injections that
kill death row prisoners in
the USA.
Properties
Soft
Reacts with air
Stored in oil
Silver in colour
Melting point 63.38ºc
Boiling point 759ºc

9. The Transition Elements
The Transition Metals have the following properties in common:
They form coloured compounds
They are good conductors of heat and electricity
They can be hammered or bent into shape easily
They are less reactive than alkali metals such as sodium
They are usually hard and tough
They have high densities
They have high melting points-but mercury is a liquid at room temperature

10. All the gold in the world
Transition Elements – Example 3
Properties
Soft for a metal
Can be polished to a high shine
Resistant to corrosion
Good conductor of electricity
Good conductor of heat
Melting point ºc
Boiling point 2856ºc
Fun fact..
All the gold in the world
has a value of
$5,681,937,512,522!

11. Halogen Elements
The Halogen elements have the following properties in common:
The halogens have similar properties
They all have seven electrons in the outer shell.
They all react very vigorously with alkali metals to form salts.
Halogen means salt giver

12. Chlorine Halogen Elements – Example 4 Properties
Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who mistakenly thought it contained oxygen.
Obtained from common salt
Melting point ºC
Boiling point ºC
Fun fact.....
Chlorine has killed lives and saved them!
In World War I & II it was used to kill people with the fumes.
It is also used to purify water.

13. The Noble Gases
The Noble Gases have the following properties in common:
The noble gases are quite unreactive
They have low boiling points
They are gases at room temperature
You can also find small amounts of the Noble gases in the atmosphere.
Helium, neon and argon form no known compounds.

14. Helium Noble Gases – Example 5 Properties
Helium has no taste, colour or smell
The gas is produced in massive stars like the sun where 4 hydrogen atoms fuse together.
Melting point ºC
Boiling point – ºC
2nd lightest elemenet

15. Activity
Photocopy

17. THE END