1. High Brass By Cameron Shepherd and Jessica Middleton

2. Trumpet: History One of the oldest instruments First was a long tube with no valves, used for signaling in ancient China, Egypt, and Scandinavia By Roman times, used for military ceremonies

3. Trumpet: History First musical use of the Trumpet was in the late 14th Century This is when it adopted the folded form Late 1700’s, Trumpet became part of the Orchestra Valves were invented in 1815

4. Trumpet: Construction Total tube length approx. 1.4m (4 1/2 ft) Folded twice to a narrow rectangular shape about 14 inches long Cylindrical bore, with a flared bell Total tube length approx. 1.4m (4 1/2 ft) Folded twice to a narrow rectangular shape about 14 inches long Cylindrical bore, with a flared bell

5. Trumpet: Construction Most trumpets are made of brass Either lacquered or plated with silver, nickel, or, more rarely, gold

6. Trumpet: Construction Three valves, located in the center of the instrument Valves vary the length of the instrument, making it possible to access different registers and pitches Second Valve: Lowers pitch by 1 semitone First Valve: Lowers pitch by whole tone Third Valve: Lowers pitch by tone-and-a-half Analogy: Railway junction Three valves, located in the center of the instrument Valves vary the length of the instrument, making it possible to access different registers and pitches Second Valve: Lowers pitch by 1 semitone First Valve: Lowers pitch by whole tone Third Valve: Lowers pitch by tone-and-a-half Analogy: Railway junction

7. Trumpet Mutes Mutes can be added to the bell of the trumpet to produce various effects “Straight” mutes and “Cup” mutes are the most common Mutes can be added to the bell of the trumpet to produce various effects “Straight” mutes and “Cup” mutes are the most common

8. Trumpet: Key and Transposition The most common trumpet is the B-flat trumpet This means that if the trumpet player plays a “C” as it is notated in their music, it would sound a B-flat The most common trumpet is the B-flat trumpet This means that if the trumpet player plays a “C” as it is notated in their music, it would sound a B-flat Trumpet music is notated in the treble clef

9. Other Kinds of Trumpets Piccolo Trumpet Half the length of a B-flat trumpet An Octave Higher Four Valves - hard to play! Pocket Trumpet Same length of tubing as regular trumpet, folded smaller than piccolo trumpet Hard to have good intonation and tone clarity

10. More Kinds of Trumpets Bass Trumpet Invented by Richard Wagner More similar to trombone sound Rotary-Valve Trumpet Dark, mellow sound Played with keys on the side instead of facing upwards

11. Trumpet: Sound Production The mouthpiece: a shallow cupped shape, made of metal Sound produced by buzzing lips into mouthpiece Resonates the air column, producing sound The mouthpiece: a shallow cupped shape, made of metal Sound produced by buzzing lips into mouthpiece Resonates the air column, producing sound

12. Resources for Introducing the Trumpet http://www.musicked.com http://www.instructorweb.com/music.asp To consider: Students must be able to support a trumpet and manipulate three valves to be successful. Also, they must be able to buzz their lips. http://www.musicked.com http://www.instructorweb.com/music.asp To consider: Students must be able to support a trumpet and manipulate three valves to be successful. Also, they must be able to buzz their lips.

13. A 4 Minute Trumpet Lesson Click Here

14. French Horn: Construction Very Curly! Approximately 17ft. Worth of tubing in a single horn Conical bore which flares into a 27 1/2 - 35cm bell Very Curly! Approximately 17ft. Worth of tubing in a single horn Conical bore which flares into a 27 1/2 - 35cm bell

15. French Horn: History Developed in 1650 in France as a larger version of smaller, circularly coiled horns Used primarily as a hunting horn Entered the orchestra in the early 1700’s, could play 12 tones of the natural harmonic series Developed in 1650 in France as a larger version of smaller, circularly coiled horns Used primarily as a hunting horn Entered the orchestra in the early 1700’s, could play 12 tones of the natural harmonic series

16. French Horn: History Gained more flexibility around 1750 when the technique of “hand stopping” was invented By placing the hand in the bell, a player can alter pitch by as much as a whole tone The invention of valves in the early 19th century revolutionized the horn, and led to the horn we know today Gained more flexibility around 1750 when the technique of “hand stopping” was invented By placing the hand in the bell, a player can alter pitch by as much as a whole tone The invention of valves in the early 19th century revolutionized the horn, and led to the horn we know today

17. Natural Harmonic Series

18. French Horn: Construction French horns are generally made of brass, with a smaller, more conical mouthpiece than the “cupped” mouthpiece of the trumpet

19. French Horn: Construction On a single, or “F”, horn, there are 3 valves that allow the player to play chromatically over 3 octaves, starting with the B below bass clef A double horn, which plays in the keys of both F and B-flat, also has a fourth valve (often referred to as a “trigger”) which allows the player to play on the B-flat tubing On a single, or “F”, horn, there are 3 valves that allow the player to play chromatically over 3 octaves, starting with the B below bass clef A double horn, which plays in the keys of both F and B-flat, also has a fourth valve (often referred to as a “trigger”) which allows the player to play on the B-flat tubing

20. French Horn: Key and Transposition An typical horn is pitched in F This means that when the player plays a C, the note that sounds is the F below it In other words, the horn sounds a perfect 5th lower than what is written An typical horn is pitched in F This means that when the player plays a C, the note that sounds is the F below it In other words, the horn sounds a perfect 5th lower than what is written A B-flat horn is pitched in…B-flat! This means that when a player plays a C, the note that sounds is the B-flat below it In other words, the B-flat horn sounds a major second lower than what is written

21. French Horn: Sound Production Very Similar to trumpet - buzz lips into mouthpiece, which resonates air column Buzzing in a French Horn mouthpiece is different from buzzing in a trumpet mouthpiece…lips must be tighter and air must be more direct Very Similar to trumpet - buzz lips into mouthpiece, which resonates air column Buzzing in a French Horn mouthpiece is different from buzzing in a trumpet mouthpiece…lips must be tighter and air must be more direct

22. Interesting Fact… Because the range of the horn is so wide with the prominence of the double horn, most professional players eventually find their “niche” on their instrument and specialize in either the upper or lower range

23. Resources for Introducing the French Horn http://www.frhorn.com http://www.hornplayer.net To Consider: Horn players must have above-average musical aptitude, due to the fact that tuning is difficult, and a constant responsibility. Also, the size of a students lips and hand/arm dexterity must be considered. http://www.frhorn.com http://www.hornplayer.net To Consider: Horn players must have above-average musical aptitude, due to the fact that tuning is difficult, and a constant responsibility. Also, the size of a students lips and hand/arm dexterity must be considered.

24. The Wide Range of the French Horn Click Here

25. Trumpet Resources http://www.rit.edu/~mam5183/imm/project1/typesoftrump ets.html http://youtube.com/watch?v=gUij8FCg0z8 http://www.infovisual.info/04/036_en.html http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/the_orc hestra/instruments/trumpets/ http://www.geocities.com/bourbonstreet/square/6766/trum pethistory.html http://www.oldbeads.com/china514.jpg http://www.rit.edu/~mam5183/imm/project1/typesoftrump ets.html http://youtube.com/watch?v=gUij8FCg0z8 http://www.infovisual.info/04/036_en.html http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/the_orc hestra/instruments/trumpets/ http://www.geocities.com/bourbonstreet/square/6766/trum pethistory.html http://www.oldbeads.com/china514.jpg

26. French Horn Resources http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/history/hor n_history2.html http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/history/hor n_history2.html http://www.frhorn.com/ http://library.thinkquest.org/22673/horn.html http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/th e_orchestra/instruments/horns/http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/th e_orchestra/instruments/horns/ http://youtube.com/watch?v=5XRkCfsiKlY http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/history/hor n_history2.html http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/history/hor n_history2.html http://www.frhorn.com/ http://library.thinkquest.org/22673/horn.html http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/th e_orchestra/instruments/horns/http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/th e_orchestra/instruments/horns/ http://youtube.com/watch?v=5XRkCfsiKlY