1. The Periodic Table

2. Elements in the Periodic Table
Groups
Periods

3. Introduction to Terminologies
Groups
Periods
Periodic table: It is the tabular display of chemical elements.
Group: A group or a
family is a vertical column in the periodic table
Period : The horizontal row in a periodic table is called a period.

4. Details in the Periodic Table
Atomic Number
= number of electrons
= number of protons
Atomic Mass
= number of (protons + neutrons)

5. Groups
18 groups in standard periodic table, numbered from 1 to 18, as per IUPAC standards.
Elements in a group have similar configurations of the outermost shells, leading to similar properties.

6. Group Names Group 1: Alkali metals Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
Group 3-11 : Transition Metals
Group 11: Coinage metals/Copper Family
Group 12-14: Metalloids & nonmetals
Group 15: Pnictogens /Nitrogen Family
Group 16: Chalcogens /Oxygen Family
Group 17: Halogens /Halide Family
Group 18: Noble gases

7. Periods There are 7 periods in the table.
Elements of the same period have the same number of electron shells.
Within each group across a period, the number of electrons and protons increases, leading to increase in atomic number.
Elements within the same period do not generally show similarity in properties, except d-block and f-block (lanthanides) elements.

8. Trends in the Periodic Table
Trends occur due to the electronic configurations of elements.
Across a period, electrons of the outermost shell, experience increased nuclear attraction due to increase in atomic number.
Down a group, nuclear attraction decreases due to “shielding effect”.

9. Periodic Trends - Summary

10. Classification of Elements in Periodic Table
Classification depends on the difference in physical and chemical properties of elements:
Metals (yellow )
Nonmetals (green)
Metalloids (purple)

11. Properties of Metals Shiny solids at room temperature, except mercury.
Good conductor of both heat and electricity.
High melting point and density.
Shiny and lustrous.
Ductile and malleable.
Metals can be alloyed.

12. Properties of Nonmetals
Insulators of heat and electricity.
Dull surface.
Low density, compared to metals.
Low melting temperatures.
Brittle solids

13. Element of the UP – Copper..!!!
Symbol – Cu, from the Latin word cuprum
Atomic number – 29
Classification – Transition Metal
Appearance – Reddish, with a bright metallic luster
Position in the Periodic table: Group 11 and Period 4.
Melting Point: 1356 K (1981 oF)

14. Alloys of Copper Brass – Cu and Zn Red Brass/Gunmetal – Cu, Zn and Sn
Phosphor Bronze/Bronze – Cu and Sn
Aluminum Bronze – Cu and Al
Silicon Bronze – Cu and Si
Monel – Ni and Cu

15. Applications of Cu Piping Electrical applications Architecture
Household products
Coinage
Chemical applications
Miscellaneous

16. Cu – The Miracle Element