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Physical Science Physical Properties
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Benchmarks SC.8.P.8.4: Students will classify and compare substances on the basis of their physical properties and explain that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample. SC.8.P.8.3: Students will describe density and calculate and compare the densities of various materials using the materials’ masses and volumes
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Conducts heat/electricity
Which properties shown above are physical properties? Why are they considered physical? Physical Properties Conducts heat/electricity Flammability Density Ability to rust Boiling Point SC.8.P.8.4
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Practice 1. blue color 2. density, hardness 3. solubility 4.length 5.milk sours Chemical change 6.sour taste Chemical change 7.luster,malleability, conductivity No change 8.melting point, boiling point No Change 9.acids can neutralize bases Chemical change
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Practice Physical Property- No change 1. blue color 2. density, hardness 3. solubility 4. length 7.luster,malleability, conductivity 8.melting point, boiling point Chemical Properties 5.milk sours Chemical change 6.sour taste Chemical change 9.acids can neutralize bases Chemical change
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Physical vs Chemical Changes
Physical Science Physical vs Chemical Changes
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Benchmarks SC.8.P.9.2: Students will differentiate between physical and chemical changes. SC.8.P.9.1: Students will explain that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes, according to the Law of Conservation of Mass. SC.8.P.9.3: Students will describe how temperature influences chemical changes
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Physical vs. Chemical Change
soda releases bubbles 2.water is boiled to create steam 3. iron rusting 4.rotting wood 5.tearing up your textbook 6. pancakes cooking on a griddle 7. grass growing in a lawn 8. food is digested in the stomach 9. Erosion of a riverbed to create the Grande Canyon 10 fireworks exploding 11. Reacts with acid to form H2 12. Reacts with water to form gas 13. Reacts with base to form a water 14. Can neutralize a base
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Physical vs. Chemical Change
1. soda releases bubbles Physical Change 2.water is boiled to create steam Physical change 3. iron rusting Chemical change 4.rotting wood Chemical change 5.tearing up your textbook Physical change 6. pancakes cooking on a griddle Chemical change 7. grass growing in a lawn Chemical change 8. food is digested in the stomach Chemical change 9. Erosion of a riverbed to create the Grande Canyon Physical change (mostly) 10 fireworks exploding Chemical and physical changes Chemical Changes 11. Reacts with acid to form H2 12. Reacts with water to form gas 13. Reacts with base to form a water 14. Can neutralize a base
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Physical vs Chemical Changes
Which images above are examples of physical changes and which are chemical changes? How do you know? SC.8.P.9.2
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Conservation of Mass 500 g total mass 500 g total mass After reaction
Before reaction 500 g total mass 500 g total mass Explain why the total mass is the same before and after the experiment if a gas was formed and inflated the balloon. SC.8.P.9.1
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Temperature and Chemical Changes
What effect did increasing the temperature have on how fast the reaction took place? The rate of the reaction increases as the temperature increases Would just run the beginning simulation, although the rest is useful it tended to get bogged down in the animation. SC.8.P.9.3
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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Physical Science Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
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Benchmarks SC.8.P.8.7: Students will explain that atoms are the smallest unit of an element and are composed of subatomic particles. SC.8.P.8.5: Students will describe how elements combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds that make up all living and nonliving things. SC.8.P.8.9: Students will differentiate among pure substances, mixtures, and solutions. SC.8.P.8.1: Students will describe the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and/or gases. SC.8.P.8.6: Students will explain that elements are grouped in the periodic table according to similarities of their properties. SC.8.P.8.8: Students will identify common exs of acids, bases, salts. Students will compare, contrast, and classify the properties of compounds, including acids and bases.
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Atoms and Elements The number of subatomic particles- neutron, electrons, protons Label the parts of the atoms above. What is the difference between a Carbon atom and a Nitrogen atom? SC.8.P.8.7
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Elements and Compounds
Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen Hydrogen + Oxygen Sodium + Chlorine Salt Sugar Water Match the elements (in blue) to the compounds (in red) that they create. SC.8.P.8.5
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Element vs. Compound _____ H Hydrogen _____ H2 Hydrogen gas _____ H2O Water _____ H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide _____ HI Hydroiodic acid _____ C Carbon _____ CO2 Carbon dioxide _____ CH4 Methane _____ O Oxygen _____ O2 Oxygen gas _____ N Nitrogen _____ N2 Nitrogen gas _____ NH3 Ammonia _____ F Fluorine _____ F2 Fluorine gas _____ HF Hydrofluoric acid _____ Cl Chlorine _____ Cl2 Chlorine gas _____ HCl Hydrochloric acid _____ Na Sodium _____ NaCl Sodium chloride _____ Fe Iron _____ FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride _____ Li2CO3 Lithium carbonate _____ K Potassium _____ KOH Potassium hydroxide _____ Ne Neon _____ He Helium _____ Xe Xenon _____ Ar Argon _____ Rn Radon _____ Kr Krypton _____ T/F Pure substances are either elements or compounds Define atom: _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the difference between an element and a compound using the vocabulary term “atom.”
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Pure Substances vs Mixtures
Pure substances: molecules and compounds make up substances What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture? Compound is made up of two or more elements that are CHEMICALLY BONDED Mixtures are combination of substances that are NOT chemically bonded – can be separated by physical means SC.8.P.8.9
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Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous
Identify each of the following as element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture Milk Iron Nail Glass Sugar Bottled spring water Distilled water Air Alloy bicycle frame Propane Baking soda
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Identify each of the following as element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture
Milk – heterogeneous mixture of proteins, fat globules, water, and other substances Iron Nail- element Glass- homogeneous mixture of silicone dioxide and other compounds Sugar- compound C6H12O6 Bottled spring water- homogeneous mixture of iron and dissolved ions Distilled water- compound Air- homogeneous mixture of many gases Alloy bicycle frame- homogeneous mixtures of many metals Propane- compound of formula C3H8 Baking soda- compound NaHCO3 Blood- Heterogeneous mixture- RBCs, WBCs, and plasma Window Cleaner- Homogeneous Brass- Homogeneous Olive Oil- Homogeneous Granite- Heterogeneous
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Most things you encounter everyday are a) Compounds b) Elements c) Mixtures
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Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase.
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Solutions Brass- alloyed made of copper and zinc SC.8.P.8.9
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