1. Leveling terms Copy notes following into your workbooks M.S.Martin Sept. 2005 M.S.Martin Sept. 2005

2. Contour Lines Imaginary level lines on a plan, which represent the rise & fall of the land. These give designers & Builders the heights of the block.

3. Contour Interval This is simply the height difference between one contour line and the next contour line.

4. Datum Any fixed reference point, where the height or elevation of that point is known. Builders often establish a common datum line, (eg) 1.0m above finished floor level.

5. Bench Mark A fixed reference point, usually established by a Surveyor. Has a known height and in Sydney this has reference back to mean sea level at Fort Denison.

6. Reduced Level A term given to a height or elevation of a point, above or below a known point. It is a calculated level in other words.

7. State Survey Mark These are brass plaques that are cast into a gutter or other fixed points, with a given value (RL) and this level again in Sydney has reference to mean sea level at Fort Denison. But also is recorded at the lands title office, generally it is these that a surveyor uses to establish bench marks.

8. Boundary Pegs Placed on site by the Surveyor, when doing his initial survey, to mark or note position of site boundaries. Exact locations represented by a nail. Look over pictures on following slides to help understand these terms (these are in your books)