1. Electrical Heating Transfer of Heat Heat is transferred from a hotter region to a colder region

2. Electrical Heating Heat is Energy Energy in Joules (J) Power in Watts (W) Time in seconds (s)

3. Electrical Heating Temperature Scales To convert Kelvin to Celsius:

4. Electrical Heating Specific Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of one kilogram of a material through ONE KELVIN (or degree C) Absolute Heat Energy (J) Mass (kg) Temperature change (K or o C) Specific Heat Capacity(J/kg.K)

5. Electrical Heating Heat Control – 3-Heat Switch

6. Electrical Heating Heat Control – 3-Heat Switch

7. Electrical Heating Heat Control – Open/Closed Cycle

8. Electrical Heating Heat Control – Thermostats Bi-Metal Thermostat Support Stem Mounting Flange & Screw Thread Helical Bi-Metal Strip Brazed to Rod Invar Rod Brazed to Stem

9. Electrical Heating Heat Control – Thermostats Expanding Tube Thermostat Brass Tube Invar Rod Tube Brazed to Rod Tube Brazed to Support Retaining Clips Tube Expands/Contracts Rod Free End Moves to operate contacts

10. Electrical Heating Heat Control – Thermostats Capillary Tube Thermostat Bellows Rod moves to operate contacts Bulb with volatile liquid Capillary Tube Bellows or Diaphragm

11. Electrical Heating Heat Control – Thermostats Bimetal Disc Thermostat This thermostat has contacts operated by a cupped bimetal disc. At a pre-set temperature, the disc snaps the contacts open. When the disc cools to a preset value, disc returns and the contacts snap closed.

12. Electrical Heating Heat Control – Simmerstat The SIMMERSTAT is an OPEN CYCLE temperature control commonly used with stoves. Heating Load Active Neutral Contacts Internal heater element Operating Bimetal Compensating Bimetal Pivot