1. Chapter 5. Slide 1 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, CollectionsObjectives  To provide or improve access to the most valuable and unique cultural documents cultural documents  To eliminate a risk of the potential damages of documents  To enlarge a number of interested users  To develop commercial exploitation of a library, archive  Long – term reservation of documents

2. Chapter 5. Slide 2 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Type of Material Considered  Rare books  Historical maps  Photographs and postcards  Prints and engravings  Audio tapes, records, early video material

3. Chapter 5. Slide 3 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Digitisation Versus Microfilming  In digital delivery:  image quality is better  the storage requirements are modest  Regarding the needs of preservation  digital materials are more vulnerable  specific hardware and software required  no guarantee for continuing access to digitized materials of enduring value materials of enduring value For details see: http://www.clir.org/cpa/archives/hybridintro.html

4. Chapter 5. Slide 4 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Criteria of Selection for Digitising Major Criteria: 1. Influence on the history of the world on the country 2. Contribution to understanding of the world (region) country at a important time in its history 3. Place – it contains important information on the world (region) country (region) country 4. People – a special association with the life or works of a person or people

5. Chapter 5. Slide 5 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Criteria of Selection for Digitising ( Continued ) 5.Subject / Theme 6.Form and Style (a rare example of an outstanding form or style) 7.Social Value Secondary Criteria: (a)Integrity (b)Rarity

6. Chapter 5. Slide 6 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections From what to Digitise, Requirements  Some kind of reproduction: photograph, slide, microfilm  Originals  Audio documents – directly form the original Requirements:  Book protection  No pressure on binding  No contact with book  Cold light  No ultraviolet light  Reproduction quality (full grey scale, diminition of stains, enhancement of light zones) enhancement of light zones)

7. Chapter 5. Slide 7 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Typical Solutions  Image material  Total depth:  grayscale: 8 bits/pixel;  color: 24 bits/pixel  Format: TIFF  Compression: uncompressed  Spatial resolution:  from 500 X 400 to 1200 X 1000 pixels  from 3000 X 2000 to 5000 X 4000 pixels  Example of storage requirement is 1.3 MB

8. Chapter 5. Slide 8 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Typical Solutions ( Continued )  Maps  Color 24 bits/pixel  Format TIFF  Compression: uncompressed  Spatial resolution: 300 dpi  Example of storage requirements is 60 MB

9.  Moving images ( Resolution from moderate to law )  Image size: 320 X 240 px to 160 X 120 px  Frame rate: 30 fps  Data rate: ca. 150 Kb/s to 100 Kb/s  Compression: MPEG - 1  Format: mpg  Storage requirement: from 43 Mb MPEG file to 2.1 MB Chapter 5. Slide 9 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Typical Solutions ( Continued )

10. Chapter 5. Slide 10 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Typical Solutions ( Continued )  Audio material  Attributes: 22.05 kHz sample rate 16 bit word, mono  Format: WAVE (MS)  Typical storage requirement is 2.4 MB WAVE For details see: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/formats.html

11. Chapter 5. Slide 11 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, Collections Cataloging Electronic Versions of Documents  Where? – in the main catalogue or in separate  What form? – electronic, Website  Access, reproduction, Copyright  Preservation of digitised documents

12. Chapter 5. Slide 12 Digital Archives, Collections Digital Archives, CollectionsExamples  Archivo General de Indias, Spain http://www.clir.org/pubs/pain/pain03.html#seville http://www.clir.org/pubs/pain/pain03.html#seville  UNESCO projects http://www.unesco.org/webworld/mdm/mow_projects.html#2 http://www.unesco.org/webworld/mdm/mow_projects.html#2  Digitisation project in Hungary Additional information: http://www.nla.gov.au/padi/topics/69.html#article