1.  Water Pollution: Contaminants and Testing Procedures

2. What is Water Pollution?  Water pollution - any change in water quality that harms humans or other living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.

3. Application: “The Mistake by the River” Cuyahoga River in the Fall ©Tom Jones http://csudigitalhumanities.org/ex hibits/items/show/1328

4. A Burning River? The Plain Dealer File http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ kits/pollution/02history.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZA9OX2joUc&feature=r elated

5. What are the sources of water pollution?  Point Sources  Can be traced back to one particular origin  Industrial Plants (Power, Chemical, Waste Treatment)  Drain pipes, Sewer Lines, Underground Mines  Nonpoint Sources  Tend to be widespread with many regions contributing to the water pollution.  Agricultural Runoff  Stormwater Runoff (Roads and Parking Lots) Fig. 11-23, p. 260

6. Types of Contaminants  Pathogens – Wastes from Humans and Animals  Plant Nutrients – Nitrates & Phosphates  Organics – Oil, Gasoline, Plastics, & Pesticides  Inorganics – Salt, Metal Compounds  Sediment – Total Suspended Solids  Heavy Metals  Thermal

7. Most Commonly Tested Parameters  Temperature  pH  Nitrates  Phosphates  Dissolved Oxygen  Turbidity  Specific Conductivity  Total Dissolved Solids  Total Suspended Solids

8. Water Quality Index Water Quality Index (WQI) is a measure of how polluted a body of water actually is. It can take many different parameters into consideration. (6 parameters are typically used to calculate WQI) Utilizes a weighting factor to differentiate between important parameters and less-important parameters. Q-Values are numbers that are given in a table and correlate to the level of each parameter to characterize each on a scale of 0-100 (100 being best)

9. Water Quality Index

10. Test ResultsQ-Value Q-Value X Weighting Factor Add all Subtotals

11. Water Quality Index Parameter Tested Value Q-Value Weighting Factor Calculation Dissolved Oxygen 90 0.3 Nitrate1.75 0.2 Phosphate0.3 0.2 pH6.70 0.3 Totals

12. Water Quality Index Dissolved Oxygen: % saturation = 90 1.In the DO column find the value equal to 90. 2. Write down the Q-Value to the right of that number (Q-value = 95).

13. Water Quality Index Parameter Tested Value Q-Value Weighting Factor Calculation Dissolved Oxygen 90 950.395 X 0.3 = 28.5 Nitrate1.75 0.2 Phosphate0.3 0.2 pH6.70 0.3 Totals

14. Water Quality Index Nitrate: 1.75 mg/L 1. In the Nitrate-N Column find the values closest to 1.75. This number falls between 1.5 and 2 in this column 2. Since there is no value matching exactly to 1.75, estimate the Q-value between 92 and 90 (Q-value = 91).

15. Water Quality Index Parameter Tested Value Q-Value Weighting Factor Calculation Dissolved Oxygen 90 950.328.5 Nitrate1.75 910.2 91 X 0.2 = 18.2 Phosphate0.3 0.2 pH6.70 0.3 Totals

16. Water Quality Index Phosphate: 0.3 mg/L

17. Water Quality Index Phosphate: 0.3 mg/L 1. In the Total Phosphate column find the value equal to 0.3 (similar to the dissolved oxygen). 2. Write down the Q-Value to the right of that number (Q-value = 90).

18. Water Quality Index Parameter Tested Value Q-Value Weighting Factor Calculation Dissolved Oxygen 90 950.328.5 Nitrate1.75 910.218.2 Phosphate0.390 0.290 X 0.2 = 18.0 pH6.70 0.3 Totals

19. Water Quality Index pH: 6.70 1. In the pH column find the values closest to 6.70. This number falls between 6 and 7. 2. Since there is no value matching exactly to 6.70, estimate the Q-value between 55 and 90 (Q-value = 81).

20. Water Quality Index pH 6 7 Q-value 55 90

21. Water Quality Index pH 66.5 7 Q-value 55 72.5 90 (55+90) / 2 = 72.5

22. Water Quality Index pH 66.5 6.75 7 Q-value 55 72.5 81.25 90 (72.5+90) / 2 = 81.25

23. Water Quality Index Parameter Tested Value Q-Value Weighting Factor Calculation Dissolved Oxygen 90 950.328.5 Nitrate1.75 910.218.2 Phosphate0.3900.218.0 pH6.70 810.3 81 X 0.3 = 24.3 Totals

24. Water Quality Index Parameter Tested Value Q-Value Weighting Factor Calculation Dissolved Oxygen 90 950.328.5 Nitrate1.75 910.218.2 Phosphate0.3900.218.0 pH6.70 810.3 24.3 Totals 28.5 + 18.2 + 18.0 + 24.3 = 89.0

25. Water Quality Index Water Quality Percentages Excellent90-100% Good70-90% Medium50-70% Bad25-50% Very Bad0-25%