1. POVERTY & MIGRATION By Clay Raiff and Stewart Strandberg

2. Poverty and Migration Presentation 1. Background Information 2. Poverty in Rural Areas 3. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study 4. Migration 5. Life in the City 6. Migration: Case Study 7. Migrant Education 8. The next generation?

3. Background Information Increased industrialization, Urbanization This migration to the cities is not finished Migration is a necessary step step in the development process The tremendous migration to the cities is going to leave rural China empty http://www.giaodiem.us

4. Background Information Some improvements in the countryside, but… The rural villages are far less developed than the cities Migrant life is stuck between the new and old China

5. Poverty and Migration Presentation 1. Background Information 2. Poverty in Rural Areas 3. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study 4. Migration 5. Life in the City 6. Migration: Case Study 7. Migrant Education 8. The next generation?

6. Poverty in Rural Areas

7. Work all day Income dependent on climate and other uncontrollable factors (i.e. drought, demand, injuries) “What will I do here”? No hope for a better life Not many recreational activities Limited services

8. Poverty in Rural Areas Government official- “Life is hard in these areas so we have to work extra hard to survive.” Geography – villages are remote, will never grow Villages are being drained, will not exist in a couple decades

9. Poverty in Rural Areas In fact, villages we visited are becoming ghost towns “15 years ago there were 500 people, now there are about 115” Elderly and sick

10. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study His daughter’s land was taken He hopes that his younger son (in college) can get a good job His wife had heat stroke and no longer can work in the field as long

11. The Way Out Highway ‘out of village’ is the connection to China’s future Half of the workers are from construction companies and half of the workers are hired from local villages

12. Where is everyone going and why?

13. Poverty and Migration Presentation 1. Background Information 2. Poverty in Rural Areas 3. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study 4. Migration 5. Life in the City 6. Migration: Case Study 7. Migrant Education 8. The next generation?

14. Migration

15. Job opportunities to earn higher wages Construction, Manufacturing, and Service jobs Better medical services-technology, doctors are closer Hope

16. Poverty and Migration Presentation 1. Background Information 2. Poverty in Rural Areas 3. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study 4. Migration 5. Life in the City 6. Migration: Case Study 7. Migrant Education 8. The next generation?

17. Life in the City Small, cramped housing Inadequate, unstable schools Expensive rent and other expenses (i.e.food) No time for family

18. Poverty and Migration Presentation 1. Background Information 2. Poverty in Rural Areas 3. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study 4. Migration 5. Life in the City 6. Migration: Case Study 7. Migrant Education 8. The next generation?

19. Migration: Case Study Mengdi Xu Her family was displaced Admit Beijing is not as good as they they expected, but life is still better than where they came from Make just enough to sustain

20. What is the road ahead for migrant children like Mengdi Education, Education, Education Education makes the benefits outweigh the costs Education paves the road for a better future

21. Poverty and Migration Presentation 1. Background Information 2. Poverty in Rural Areas 3. Poverty in Rural Areas: Case Study 4. Migration 5. Life in the City 6. Migration: Case Study 7. Migrant Education 8. The next generation?

22. Migrant Education Education is the best hope for China’s young and poor to live better lives Funding is the biggest issue “The difference between public schools and migrant schools is heaven and earth”

23. Migrant Education Very difficult to find qualified teachers Teachers are spread very thin because there is not enough room in the budget to hire more

24. Migrant Education The Alumni mark a school’s success Migrant schools can’t keep track of their students after they scatter when they graduate

25. The Next Generation? Are the kids’ lives going to be better than their parents’?