1. EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE International Step by Step Association

2. Social justice as goal Full and equal participation of all groups in a societyFull and equal participation of all groups in a society Distribution of resources is equitable and all members are physically and psychologically safe and secureDistribution of resources is equitable and all members are physically and psychologically safe and secure Individuals are both self-determining and interdependentIndividuals are both self-determining and interdependent Social actors with sense of their own agency and sense of social responsibility toward others and society as a wholeSocial actors with sense of their own agency and sense of social responsibility toward others and society as a whole

3. Social justice as process DemocracyDemocracy ParticipationParticipation InclusionInclusion Affirmation of human agency and human capacities for working collaboratively to create changeAffirmation of human agency and human capacities for working collaboratively to create change

4. Features of oppression PervasivenessPervasiveness RestrictingRestricting HierarchicalHierarchical Complex, multiple, cross-cutting relationshipsComplex, multiple, cross-cutting relationships InternalizedInternalized Manifested through “Isms”Manifested through “Isms”

5. The Social Oppression Matrix individual institutional societal behaviors attitudes consciousness unconsciousness

6. The Context Individual level - refers to actions or attitudes of individual that maintain oppressionIndividual level - refers to actions or attitudes of individual that maintain oppression Institutional level - Focus is on institutions that maintain and perpetuate system of oppressionInstitutional level - Focus is on institutions that maintain and perpetuate system of oppression

7. The Context Societal/Cultural levelSocietal/Cultural level -cultural norms that perpetuate implicit and explicit values -cultural perspective of the dominant group that is imposed on institutions by individuals and on individuals by institutions -cultural guidelines: philosophies of life, definitions of the good, normal, health, deviance, etc – served for the justification of social oppression. -foundation of all the “isms”, as well as the internalized oppression/ domination. -hegemony - maintained through “regimes of truth” (Foucault)

8. The Psycho-Social Processes Conscious processes - knowingly supporting the maintenance of social oppression through individual, institutional and cultural/societal attributes.Conscious processes - knowingly supporting the maintenance of social oppression through individual, institutional and cultural/societal attributes. Unconscious processes - unknowing or naive collusion with the maintenance of social oppression; occur when the target or agent comes to accept the dominant logic system and justifies oppression as normal part of the natural order.Unconscious processes - unknowing or naive collusion with the maintenance of social oppression; occur when the target or agent comes to accept the dominant logic system and justifies oppression as normal part of the natural order.

9. The Application Attitudinal level - individual and systemic values, beliefs, philosophies and stereotypes that feed the system of oppressionAttitudinal level - individual and systemic values, beliefs, philosophies and stereotypes that feed the system of oppression Behavioral level - actions of individual and systems that support and maintain social oppressionBehavioral level - actions of individual and systems that support and maintain social oppression

10. Roles in the system of oppression Targets - members of social identity group that are exploited, victimized, marginalized by the oppressor and the oppressor’s system of institutionsTargets - members of social identity group that are exploited, victimized, marginalized by the oppressor and the oppressor’s system of institutions Agents - members of dominant social groups privileged by birth or acquisition who knowingly, or unknowingly exploit and reap unfair advantage over members of target groups.Agents - members of dominant social groups privileged by birth or acquisition who knowingly, or unknowingly exploit and reap unfair advantage over members of target groups.

11. Relationships within and between the roles in the system of oppression A) Internalized oppression – targets collude with their oppressors by accepting a definition of themselves that is hurtful and limiting. Questing the credentials or abilities of their own social groupQuesting the credentials or abilities of their own social group Favoring dominant group members and distancing (often unconsciously) from their own target groupFavoring dominant group members and distancing (often unconsciously) from their own target group

12. B) Conscious collaboration - target group members knowingly, but not always voluntarily, go along with their own mistreatment to survive, or to maintain some status C) Internalized domination Belief that privileges are part of natural orderBelief that privileges are part of natural order Power to impose their own values, beliefs and norms as natural orderPower to impose their own values, beliefs and norms as natural order Power to “erase” target group members by failing to acknowledge their existence or importancePower to “erase” target group members by failing to acknowledge their existence or importance

13. D) Vertical interaction between target and agent - one-up/one-down pattern E) Horizontal relationships Target – TargetTarget – Target Agent – AgentAgent – Agent

14. Subtle Forms of Oppression/Isms SYMBOLIC “ISMS” – people reject old-style “Isms”, but still express prejudice indirectlySYMBOLIC “ISMS” – people reject old-style “Isms”, but still express prejudice indirectly AMBIVALENT “ISMS” – existence of emotional conflict between positive and negative feelings toward stigmatized target groupAMBIVALENT “ISMS” – existence of emotional conflict between positive and negative feelings toward stigmatized target group MODERN “ISMS” – people are aware that isms are wrong, but they still see target groups as making unfair demands or receiving too many resourcesMODERN “ISMS” – people are aware that isms are wrong, but they still see target groups as making unfair demands or receiving too many resources AVERSIVE “ISMS” – people believe in egalitarian principles, but have a personal aversion toward those target groupsAVERSIVE “ISMS” – people believe in egalitarian principles, but have a personal aversion toward those target groups