1. WWII 1939-1945

2. Key People  Hitler (Germany)  Mussolini (Italy)  Hideki Tojo (Japan)  Emperor Hirohito (Japan)  De Gaulle (France)  Roosevelt (US)  Churchill (Great Britain)  Stalin (Soviet Union)

3. Hitler and Mussolini

4. Countries/Alliances  Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, and Japan  Allied Powers- Originally Britain, France, and China; later joined by US and USSR

5. Vocabulary  Fascism  Appeasement  Blitz  Genocide  Concentration Camp  Holocaust

6. Long-term Causes  MAIN  WWI/ Treaty of Versailles  Worldwide Economic Depression  Rise of Fascism  Weak League of Nations  Munich Pact  Appeasement

7. Worldwide Economic Depression

8. Immediate Causes  Japan invaded China  Italy invaded Ethiopia  German Aggression in Europe  Appeasement  Germany invades Poland

9. Aggression of Fascist Nations  Source: Herblock, May 13, 1941 (adapted)

10. Japanese Invade Manchuria, 1931

11. Italy Invades Ethiopia in 1935 “It is us today. Tomorrow it will be you….God and history will remember your judgment.”- Haile Selassie

12. Japanese Invade China, 1937

13. Germany invades Czechoslovakia

14. Munich Pact  “We will have peace in our time”~British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain after negotiating peace with Hitler  Hitler gets to keep all the countries in Europe he took over as long as he promises not to invade anymore countries

15. Cartoon about Munich Pact

16. Appeasement

17. Spineless Democracies

18. Kristallnacht  Night of the Broken Glass  November 9, 1938  Jewish owned stores, synagogues, homes were looted and burned by Nazi storm troopers as they shouted “Death to the Jews” and “Revenge for Paris”

19. Germany invades Poland  WWII begins!!!!

20. London Blitz

21. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact  Hitler signs an agreement with Stalin not to touch the Soviet Union  invades Soviet Union in 1941 (Operation Barbarossa)

22. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

23. US declares war  December 7 th - “a day that will live in infamy”  Pres. Roosevelt declared war on Japan on Dec. 8 1941.

24. Kamikaze Pilots (suicide pilots)

25. Bataan Death March

26. Unit 731: Nightmare in Manchuria The Rape of Nanking and The Forgotten Holocaust

27. D Day- June 6, 1944

28. VE Day- May 8, 1945

29. Immediate Effects  Hitler and common law wife commit suicide  Mussolini and mistress Clareta Petacci are hung in Milan

30. Holocaust exposed

31. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki  US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan  In total, 110,000 killed immediately;  100, 000’s would die in the years to follow of cancer and radiation poisoning

32. VJ Day- September 2, 1945  Japan surrenders  agrees to dismantle its military and become a democracy

33. Occupation of Japan  The US occupied Japan until 1952.  A Constitutional Monarchy was established.  The Japanese Constitution set up a parliament, The Diet, and protected civil liberties.  Japan lost its overseas empire

34. Creation of the UN  United Nations- International organization with member nations whose goal is to promote world peace  Founded October 24, 1945

35. Universal Declaration of Human Rights  Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person....  Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment....  Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers....  — The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

36. “Never Again”  See Upfront, March 16, 2009- Op-ed piece- “Never Again, For Real”

37. Nuremberg Trials  War crime trials held in Nuremburg after World War II to try the surviving Nazis concerning the Holocaust, aggressive war making, and mistreatment of prisoners among other things.

38. Occupation of Germany  Germany was occupied by the Allied forces after WWII.  Britain, France, and the US occupied West Germany and the Soviet Union occupied East Germany

39. Democracy in West Germany  With the help of the West, Germany’s armed forces were disbanded, a democratic constitution was written, the Nazi Party was outlawed and Nazi war criminals were put on trial.

40. Creation of the State of Israel  “... The Nazi holocaust, which engulfed millionsof Jews in Europe, proved anew the urgency of the re-establishment of the Jewish state, which would solve the problem of Jewish homelessness by  opening the gates to all Jews and lifting the Jewish people to equality in the family of nations....” (Zionism)

41. Beginning of Cold War -VS- US Soviet Union

42. Long-term Effects  Mideast Peace Crisis  Cold War  Arms Race  Space Race  Colonial Independence Movements

43. Space Race

44. Arms Race  Source: Ellis and Esler,World History: Connections to Today, Prentice Hall, 2001 (adapted)

45. Capitalism v Communism  Source: Student Artwork: Shaneekwa Miller, Fashion Industries High School (adapted)

46. Colonial Independence Movements and the Collapse of Imperialism  Independence movements in colonies of the European powers gained momentum after WWII. Examples include India, Vietnam, and Rwanda.  Some former colonies adopted communism as they blamed the West for their problematic history, thereby siding with the Soviet Union. Some sided with the US because they needed help to rebuild, and some, like India, followed a policy of non-alignment ( form no alliances).

47. Connections to Today  Age of Terrorism  Global Warming

48. Global Warming  Source: Dan Wasserman, Tribune Media Services, Inc

49. Terrorism  Source: John Trever, Albuquerque Journal, Sept. 2001, adapted