1. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards This September 1938 agreement allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. Negotiated in secret by France and United Kingdom, It is largely regarded as (1) the final act of appeasement toward Hitler prior to WWII and (2) a betrayal of the Czechoslovakian people. The agreement failed to prevent war.

2. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Munich Agreement About three million people in the Sudeten area were of German origin. Stating he wanted to reunite these people with Germany, Hitler insisted the area be placed under his authority. To avoid war, France and the United Kingdom agreed to Hitler’s demand. Within one year, Hitler occupied all of Czechoslovakia.

3. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards In 1940, Hitler was advancing through France and the British army was in full retreat. The British army became completely surrounded by the superior German forces. It faced annihilation. Between 20 May 1940 and 4 June 1940, nearly 340,000 British troops were evacuated to England aboard any vessel that could float. Although most of the equipment was abandoned, the evacuation left the British army intact and prevented Hitler from immediately invading England. What was this battle called?

4. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Miracle at Dunkirk Interestingly, Hitler never attacked the British forces on the Dunkirk beaches. It is considered Hitler’s first fatal mistake of the war. Hitler believed Britain would surrender. In Britain, the evacuation was considered a victory and lifted the British resolve to fight.

5. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards This group of 1935 laws institutionalized many of the racial and anti-semitic theories prevalent in Nazi ideology including (1) excluding German Jews from Reich citizenship, (2) prohibiting Jews them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or related blood" and (3) forbidding Jews from public places (e.g., hospitals, schools).

6. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Nuremberg Laws or Nuremberg Race Laws In 1937, the Nazi used these laws to force Jews to register their property. Next, Jewish workers and managers were dismissed, and ownership was given to non-Jews. Jewish doctors were forbidden to treat non-Jews, and Jewish lawyers were not permitted to practice law. These action impoverished Jews. Like all Germans, Jews has to carry identity cards, However, Jewish cards were stamped with a red "J“. As well, Jews who did not have recognizable "Jewish" first names, were give new middle names: "Israel" for males, "Sara" for females. Such cards allowed the police to identify Jews easily.

7. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Poorly equipped and vastly outnumbered, Canadian (and British and Indian) troops defended this British garrison in the Pacific against the Japanese. The Allied forces surrender on 25 December 1941 (…known as Black Christmas). Over 780 Canadians were killed or wounded in the 17-day battle. Many more would die in Japanese POW camps.

8. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Battle of Hong Kong The total force defending Hong Kong consisted of 14,000 soldiers (…many raw recruits) plus a token number of air planes and ships. The Japanese attacked with over 52,000 soldiers. During the battle, Canadian J.R. Osborn threw himself upon a Japanese grenade as it exploded, giving his life to save his comrades. At the end of the War, CSM J.R. Osborn was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross.

9. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Compulsory military service divided the nation in WWII. Prime Minister Mackenzie King, conscious of French- Quebec opposition, promised in 1939 it would only be used if necessary. However by mid-1940, total mobilization of manpower was required to provided soldiers. King introduced the National Resources Mobilization Act (NRMA) registering all eligible men. This is…

10. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Conscription Conscription was used in 1941, but few conscripts saw battle. Why? Many people volunteered to fight. NOTE: The National Resources Mobilization Act (NRMA) conscripted men for home defense only between 1941 and 1944.

11. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards The Dirty 30s were a difficult time in Canada. The Great Depression resulted in many people losing their jobs and homes. Canada’s politicians wanted to solve the Canadian problems and avoid the events unfolding in Europe. As a result, Canada ignored the rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany. This type of political activity or policy is called…

12. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Isolationism Canada had joined the League of Nations after WWI, but Canadians never wanted to play a major role in the world organization. When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, Canada’s Minister of Justice declared, "No interest in Ethiopia, of any nature whatsoever, is worth the life of a single Canadian citizen."

13. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Her nickname was “Queen of the Hurricanes.” The 35-year-old female aeronautical engineer led a 4,500 strong workforce building the Hawker Hurricane airplane. Her innovative designs equipped the plane so it could be flown in cold weather. After the war, she became an activist for women’s rights and liberalization of abortion laws

14. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Elsie MacGill Elizabeth Muriel Gregory "Elsie" MacGill, M.Sc., OC (27 March 1905 – 4 November 1980) was the world's first female aircraft designer. Under her leadership, over 2,000 Hawker Hurricane airplanes were built. She was also a member of the Ontario Status of Women Committee, an affiliate of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC). For her work, MacGill was awared the Order of Canada in 1971.

15. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards On 6 August 1945, the USA bomber Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy, on this Japanese city?

16. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Hiroshima, Japan The atomic bomb produced a blast equivalent to 16 kilotons of TNT. The radius of total destruction was about 1.6 km. An estimated 80,000 Japanese were killed immediately (about 30% of Hiroshima’s population). Another 200,000 people died in the following years of radiation poisoning or injuries.

17. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards On 7 December 1941, a surprise attack was launched against the USA naval base at Pearl Harbour. The attack altered the power in the Pacific. Immediately, Canada began to fear an enemy invasion. Most white Canadians did not like or tolerate non-white Canadians. Using fear of spies as an excuse, the Canadian interned this group of people in work or prison camps in the interior of British Columbia

18. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards Japanese-Canadians History has taught us the interment of Japanese- Canadians was an act of racism. Over 22,000 Japanese (…including many Japanese born in Canada (i.e., Japanese-Canadians) were forcibly moved to camps. Men were separated from families, and many were forced into slave labour. Properties were confiscated and sold…without reimbursement to the owners. After WWII, Japanese-Canadians could not return to the west coast, and many were deported to Japan. In 1988, Canada apologized.

19. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards This 6 June 1944 “Day of Deliverance” battle involved over 156,000 Allied soldiers attacking German defences on the Normandy beaches. Victory on this day established the Allied forces in Europe and opened a Western Front. However, the victory had a steep price: Allied forces suffered over 10,000 casualties including 2,500 soldiers killed during the one-day assault.

20. Grade 10 History – WWII Flip Cards D-Day Over 14,000 Canadians attacked Juno Beach during the D-Day invasion, while another 450 soldiers parachuted behind German lines and attacked strategic points in the enemy defenses. In total, 359 Canadian soldiers died fighting to win the beach. For many Canadians, D-Day was their first battle action. Canada won Juno Beach in slightly over two hours, but the march off the beaches was slow as the Germans fought back with highly trained and experiences Panzer units. Liberation was hard.