1. Clothing Management Unit 2 Textiles Tonja Bolding Lakeside High School
Revised 2010

2. Unit 2 terms
blends – in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers into one yarn
exports – products sent out of a country to other countries
fiber – a basic unit from which fabric is made
grain – direction that yarns run in woven fabric
imports – products and goods that come into a country from a foreign country
knitted fabrics – fabric made by looping yarns together
manufactured fibers – fibers not found in nature
natural fibers – a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals
nonwoven fabric – fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or adhesive

3. piece dyeing – the process of dyeing in which color is added after the fabric has been made, the most common method of dyeing and generally the least expensive
ply yarns – yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns together
printing fabrics – transfer of color to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern
selvage – side edges of a woven fabric, running in the direction of the lengthwise grain; formed by the filling yarns as they are turned to go back across the warp yarns; very strong and will not ravel.
sweatshop – a manufacturing plant that may use child labor, pay less than minimum wages, no pay overtime, or have unclean or unsafe facilities
warp yarns – the longer yarns that run the length of the fabric
weft yarns – crosswise yarns in fabric; also known as filling yarns
woven fabric – made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns
yarn – fibers twisted together or laid side by side

4. 2.1 List ways textiles are used
apparel
clothing
accessories
home furnishings
upholstery
bedding
industry
football turf
insulation
medical
artificial hearts
disposable garments
transportation
tire treads
boat sails

5. Natural Fibers (a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals)
2.2 Identify the sources and characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers
Natural Fibers (a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals)
Cotton, linen, wool, and silk are the most common natural fibers.
Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and the growing conditions.
They have unique characteristics that cannot be copied by science.

6. Examples of Natural Fibers
Cotton comes from the cotton plant.
Advantages: strong, launders well, inexpensive, comfortable, wide variety of uses
Disadvantages: shrinks in hot water, mildews if out in damp storage, wrinkles easily
Uses: outwear, underwear, home furnishings

7. Linen is made from the flax plant.
Advantages: strongest of natural fibers, durable, lint free, stands high temperatures
Disadvantages: expensive, wrinkles easy unless treated, has color loss
Uses: clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) home furnishings (draperies, tablecloths)
linen fabric
Egyptian flax

8. Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs.
Advantages: warmest of all fibers, wrinkle resistant, durable, combines with other fibers successfully
Disadvantages: expensive, shrink and mat
when moisture applied, absorbs odors
Uses: clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home furnishings (blankets, rugs, upholstery)

9. Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms cocoon.
Advantages: strong but lightweight, soil resistant
Disadvantages: dry-cleaning, yellows with age, expensive
Uses: clothing (wedding dresses, blouses) home furnishings (lampshades, wall hangings)

10. Specialty Hair Fibers camel’s hair angora goat alpaca guanaco
cashmere goat
llama
vicuna

11. Manufactured Fibers (fibers not found in nature)
They surround you. They are in your clothes, on your furniture, at your school, and in your car.
They are found in blends (in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers into one yarn) with natural fibers.

12. Rayon is very much like cotton.
Advantages: drapes well, comfortable, soft, inexpensive
Disadvantages: weak when wet, stretches, will mildew
Uses: blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding
In 1910, rayon was the first manufactured fiber.

13. Nylon was introduced as a “miracle fiber” in 1939.
Advantages: lightweight, strong and durable, dries quickly, retains shape, easy care
Disadvantages: damaged by sun, surface pills, heat sensitive
Uses: casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers

14. Polyester is very versatile
Polyester is very versatile. Almost any appearance and texture can be achieved.
Advantages: easy care, resistant to wrinkles, strong/durable, easy to dye
Disadvantages: takes oily stains, low absorbency, static buildup
Uses: underwear, carpets, children’s wear

15. Acrylic is often used as a replacement for wool
Acrylic is often used as a replacement for wool. It is soft, warm and lightweight.
Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists sunlight, chemicals and wrinkles
Disadvantages-pills, static electricity
Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets

16. Spandex is elastic like rubber
Advantages: very elastic, smooth, lightweight, easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration
Disadvantages: yellows with age, heat sensitive, harmed by bleach
Use: swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear

17. Fabric
Fibers (a basic unit from which fabric is made) are usually twisted together to form a yarn (fibers twisted together or laid side by side)
The strength and thickness depend on the ply yarns (yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns together)
Basic fabric construction:
nonwoven fabric (fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or adhesive)
woven fabric (made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns)
knitted fabric (fabric made by looping yarns together)

18. 2.3 List types of weaves and knits
plain weave is made by passing a filling yarn over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn. Over one under one pattern.
muslin
twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the other direction.
denim
satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one direction over four or more yarns from the other direction then under one yarn.
satin fabric

19. Characteristics of a Woven Fabric
Woven fabrics have….
grain (direction that yarns run in woven fabric)
selvage (side edges of a woven fabric, running in the direction of the lengthwise grain; formed by the filling yarns as they are turned to go back across the warp yarns; very strong and will not ravel)
warp yarns (the longer yarns that run the length of the fabric)
weft yarns (crosswise yarns in fabric; also known as filling yarns)
WEFT
GRAIN
WARP
SELVAGE
SELVAGE

20. Knits
weft knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise direction of the fabric.
T-shirts
hosiery
warp knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made by one or more sets of warps yarns.
Tricot jersey
lace

21. 2.4 Name processes for piece dyeing and printing fabrics
Dyeing Fabric
Piece dyeing is the process of dyeing in which color is
added after the fabric has been made; most common
method and least expensive
Printing Fabric (transfer of color to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern)
In roller printing the design is etched on copper rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each color.
In rotary screen printing, the design is transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen. There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is forced through a pattern of holes in each screen.
This is one of the newest and fasting printing methods.

22. 2.5 Define laws and regulations related to clothing and textiles industry
The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are in the textile.
The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing (except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and detailed instructions for care and maintenance.
The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability standards for household textiles and apparel.

23. exports – products sent out of a country to other countries
imports – products and goods that come into a country from a foreign country
sweatshop – a manufacturing plant that may use child labor, pay less than minimum wages, no pay overtime, or have unclean or unsafe facilities