1. Fashion Merchandising 4.01
Textiles
Fashion Merchandising 4.01

2. Fiber
Fiber: the smallest unit in a textile fabric.

3. Yarn
Yarn: A group of fibers twisted together to form a continuous strand.

4. Blend
Blend: the combination of two or more fibers resulting in the best of each fiber.
The picture below represents a wool, acrylic blend.

5. Denier
Denier: Thickness or diameter of a fiber.

6. Fibers from plants (cellulosic) and animals (protein).
Natural Fibers
Fibers from plants (cellulosic) and animals (protein).

7. Cotton
Cotton: soft, white, cool to wear, underwear and socks. PLANT.

8. Wool
Wool: coat of sheep, warmest clothes, coats and blankets. ANIMAL.

9. Flax
Flax: stem of a PLANT, becomes linen when woven.

10. Silk
The fine, lustrous fiber that comes from a cocoon spun by a silkworm.

11. Leather
Leather: tough, made by preserving animal hides, tanning.

12. Suede
Suede: leather with a napped surface.

13. Fur
Fur: soft, hairy coat of an animal, outerwear, trimmings, come from hides.

14. Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick liquids.
Manufactured Fibers
Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick liquids.

15. Polyester
Polyester: made from coal, often blended with other fibers, washes great.

16. Nylon
Nylon: dries quickly, resists wrinkles, clings to the wearer.

17. Acrylic
Acrylic: resembles wool, soft, warm, bulky, yet lightweight.

18. Rayon
Rayon: inexpensive, weak when wet.

19. Acetate
Acetate: silky, luxurious, wrinkles easily, neckties and lingerie.

20. Spandex
Spandex: ability to stretch, elastic feature, dance wear.

21. Interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles
Weaving
Interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles

22. Warp
Strands that run lengthwise.
Up and Down

23. Weft
Strands that run crosswise.
(right-left)

24. Bias
Bias: The diagonal grain of a fabric. It gives (stretch).

25. Plain Weave The simplest and most common weave.
Weft passes under each warp
Chiffon/Tafetta

26. Twill Weave Weft passes under 2 or 3 warps
diagonal design on the surface
Very strong and durable
Used in Denim

27. Satin Weave Weft passes under numerous warps
produces a smooth, shiny surfaced fabric

28. Knitting
Knitting: constructing fabric by looping yarns together.

29. Gauge
Gauge: The number of stitches, or loops, per inch in a knitted fabric.

30. Weft Knit One yarn runs crosswise to form a horizontal row of loops
Cut edges will curl
Runs if snagged
Jersey and Sweater knits

31. Warp Knit Several yarns creating loops in a lengthwise direction
Selvage Edges – strong edge that does not ravel
Very resistant to runs
Used in lingere

32. Non-woven Fibers are compacted together.
Moisture, heat, chemicals, or pressure
Dryer Sheets
Sterile Gowns and Caps
Disposable Diapers

33. Quilting
Quilted fabric. A layer of padding is sandwiched between two layers of fabric and held in place by stitching.
Examples of use: bedspreads, placemats, and outerwear

34. Braided
Interlacing 3 or more yarns to form a regular pattern

35. Laces and Nets
Knotting, twisting, or looping yarns together

36. Finishing
Finishing: applying colors, designs, or surface treatments to change the look, feel, performance of fabrics.

37. Types of Finishing Mechanical – finishes that are applied mechanically
Affect the size and appearance
Dyeing, Cutting, Brushing, Glazing, Embossing
Chemical – Finishes that become part of the fabric through a chemical reaction
Waterproofing, Stain Resistant, Flame Resistant

38. Bleaching (Chemical)
Bleaching: chemical process that removes color, impurities, or spots

39. Dyeing (Mechanical)
Adding color to fiber, yarn, or fabric

40. Printing (Mechanical)
Adding a pattern or design to the surface of a fabric

41. Trends and Technology Equipment and Machinery Microfibers
Faster, more efficient
CAD – Computer aided design
Microfibers
Ultra-fine, soft, luxurious, inexpensive
High-performance
Sportswear
Wicking – pulls sweat away, keeps body cooler

42. Trends and Technology Non-Wovens – Individuality Recycling
Medical textiles – protection from bodily fluids
Protection from hazardous materials
SPF Garments
Individuality
Customize garments
(monograms)
Recycling

43. Plastic Soda Bottles
Plastic soda bottles: recycled into t-shirts.

44. Fabric Government Regulations
Wool Products Labeling Act (1939)
Wool products must have percentage and type of wool listed on label
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (1958)
All clothing labels list generic fiber content

45. Fabric Government Regulations
Flammable Fabrics Act (1953)
Regulates sale of highly flammable fabrics
Prohibits extremely flammable fabrics

46. Fabric Government Regulations
Permanent Care Labeling Act (1972)
All clothing required to have care instruction labels
Symbols were
introduced in 1997