1. DEMİR EXPORT – FERNAS JV
EYNEZ EAST UG COAL MINE
Risk Management Program
Hacı KARAKUŞ
HSEC Manager – Demir Export A.Ş.
December 2014

2. Contents
Eynez East Coal Mine Introduction Risk Assesment Methodology Major Hazards High Risk Areas Risk Treatment Plan Conclusion

3. Introduction East Eynez Coal Mine
Eynez East UG Coal Mine is located in the vicinity of Eynez village, 35 km South of Soma; 106 km North of Manisa City.
Eynez East is on the TKI concession of Soma Basin.
Demir Export – Fernas JV (DEF) to all required surface and underground facilities to produce 2.5 million tonnes per year over 16 years of mine life.
Coal seam is thick, brown coal (lignite)
East Eynez Coal Mine
Scope 3 3

4. Introduction
East Eynez Coal Project was tendered out by Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) in 2011.
DEF started field work in May 2012.
Project Schedule:
: Mine Development Period
: Start-up and ramp up period (1.5 Mtpa)
: Full production (2.5 Mtpa)
Selected Mining Method:
Longwall Top Coal Caving for safety and production capacity
Scope (cont.) 4 4

5. Pillar (to protect Village)
Introduction
45 exploration drillholes were done by MTA for TKI. In addition DEF have done 8 more drillholes to develop 3D resource model for mine design and planning purposes.
Eynez Village
Pillar (to protect Village)
Open Pit Mine (TKI)
Drillholes Locations
New drillholes were drilled;
To improve coal reserve
To validate the formations
Collect geotechnical data
Collect data for gas content
Detailed mine plan
Exploration and definition drilling. 5 5

6. Infrastructure Production Panels Main Gallery Ventilation Gallery
Coal Blocks
Production Panels
Main Gallery
Ventilation Gallery
General mine layout. Haulage drift , ventilation drift and coal production panels. 6 6

7. Fully mechanized longwall top coal caving mining method (LTCC)
Infrastructure
Fully mechanized longwall top coal caving mining method (LTCC) 7 7

8. Infrastructure Coal and Personnel Transportation
Coal will be transported to surface through belt conveyors. All belt conveyors convey to international coal mining standards ,1200 mm wide and flame proof. Main haulage belt is steeel supported while others are solid woven belts.
People who work in the mine and equipments mainly transported to work areas through mono rail system.
All coal transportation systems and components which will be used in underground have ATEX certificate as ruled by Ministry of Work and Social Security dated n
Yangınlı ortamlarda nakliyat üniteleri çalışamaz. Yeterli O2 konsantrasyonunda çalışabilirler.
Ocak havalandırması, her panonun ayrı olarak havalandırılacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Emniyet kapısına gerek yoktur. 8 8

9. Infrastructure Linear Development
13 production panels will be mined out over life of mine, for all panels total maingate and tailgate roadways will reach meters through LoM.
Advance of the ventilation drift is 1716 m, by mid of Nov. 2014
Advance of the main haulage drift is 1580 m, by mid of Nov. 2014 9 9

10. Mining Method Longwall Top Coal Caving Method:
Each coal level is divided into two sections (upper and lower excavation section)
The lower section is 3,5 m high and secured by the hydraulic support system, coal is produced by shearer.
The upper section 5 to 10 m in height, is exposed to dynamic stress conditions due to crumbling of the coal layer.
To sum up, 70% of Coal production will be provided by free-falling and 30% by shearing. 10 10

11. Mining Method WHY LTCC? Mine Safety
Lower face heights result in improved face control, smaller and less expensive equipment and improved spontaneous combustion control in thick seams, through removal of the majority of top coal from the goaf.
Resource Recovery and Mine Financial performance
The LTCC method enables extracting up to 90% of seams in the thick coal seams.
Operating Cost
Since only 30% of coal is cut and the rest is free caving coal, operating cost for LTCC is typically lower than classical longwall operation. 11 11

12. Longwall Equipment Production equipment Shearer
Hydraulic Shield Support
Front AFC (armoured face conveyor)
Rear AFC
Hydraulic Shield Support 12 12

13. Equipment Haulage and Transport Equipment Conveyors Monorail
Armored Chain Conveyor
Belt Conveyor
Monorail
Diesel Monorail
Shunting Trolley
Belt Conveyor
Chain Conveyor
Monorail 13 13

14. Equipment Face/drift Development Equipment Roadheader
Tunnel heading and loading machine
Roadheader
Tunnel Heading and Loading Machine 14 14

15. Risk Assessment
The site team have carried out a Broad Brush Risk Review (BBRR) for Eynez East Underground Coal Mine. The key objectives of the BBRR are to :
Identify the groups of major hazards those require detailed risk assesment by using bow tie analysis method.
Confirm the qualitative risk priority and
Provide a list of hazards that engineering and safety personel can review to ensure there are currently policies, procedures and strategies in place to control these hazards.

16. Risk Assessment
The Bow Tie method is used extensively in hazardous industries
Forms the basis of the risk assessment
Focus is on:
What can go wrong and why? Causes/Threats/Hazards
How do we prevent it? Preventative Controls
If we do lose control, how do we limit the effects Reactive Controls
A Bow Tie model is developed for all the identified “major hazards” which includes specific hazards for the Eynez East Underground mine under Enyez Village 16 16

17. Preventative Controls The focus is on the hazards and controls
Risk Assessment
Causes/ Threats
Preventative Controls
Reactive
Controls
Outcomes
Hazard 1
Loss of Control
Near Miss
Hazard 2
Minor Loss
Hazard 3
Hazard 4
Major Loss
Hazard 5
Catastrophic
The focus is on the hazards and controls 17 17

18. Risk Assessment Causes/ Threats Preventative Controls Reactive
Outcomes
Near Miss
Gas Drainage
Gas
Auto shut down of equipment
Gas monitors
Minor Loss
Electrical Equipment Failure
Gas About to Ignite
Ex Rated Equipment
Withdraw personnel
Major Loss
Equipment maintenance
Emergency Response
Catastrophic
Everyone has responsibilities for the controls
not just Safety people 18 18

19. Risk Assessment
By its definition, major hazards have the potential, if not controlled effectively, to result in catastrophic outcomes therefore all are considered high risk (high consequence even if the likelihood is very low) and therefore all require detailed analysis to develop risk treatment plans to reduce the risk to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicably).
Team workshops were then conducted on the high risk areas,
Major Hazard = those hazards which have very high consequence (eg) multiple fatalities or significant loss (immediate or over time)
22 major hazard groups were identified.
Incorporate outcomes of the risk assessment
 Develop a description of the activities associated with inertisation and ventilation management associated with spontaneous combustion
 Develop of Trigger Action Response Plans (TARPs)
 Develop the monitoring arrangements for the detection of spon. com
 Consolidate the items into a comprehensive management plan

20. Introduction
The top 10 Major Hazard groups were identified for review process are:
Spontaneous Combustion
Strata Instability
Gas Explosion
Entanglement, Conveyors, Caught in and Struck By Equipment
Inrush / Inundation
Emergency Response
Electricity
Carbon Monoxide (CO) / Gas Asphyxiation / Atmospheric Contaminants
Underground fire
Airblast

21. Risk Assessment
The residual risk of spon com, gas explosion, and strata failure are still high because the level of consequence is still extreme should an unwanted event occur. Risk level can be reduced through the effective implementation, monitoring and review of the risk treatment plan. Managing the controls at all times is critical during operation.
The Risk Treatment Plan (RTP) for spon com, strata and gas explosion was the starting point only and it is reviewed and updated by technical specialists with more information obtained and analyzed. The plan is based on the input from the team members with the information and understanding of the risks at the time. This may require review and change in the future if required.
A detailed risk assesment related to spontaneous combustion conducted by outside resources at Eynez East UG Coal mine. Through this project is to develop a robust Spontaneous Combustion Management Plan will be developed with design and supervision of management techniques along with training of key staff and underground personnel.

22. Risk Assessment Strata instability / failure :
The team identified and defined 15 hazards that need careful consideration by technical personnel and specific controls. Additional recommendations were made to improve the adequacy of the current and planned controls. Critical controls included development of ;
Strata Control Management Plan,
Cave Management Plan,
Subsidence Management Plan, and
An effective mine design,
pillars, longwall layouts and sequencing

23. Pillar (to protect Village)
Risk Assessment
Mining affects on Eynez Village
Subsidence and strata affects
Vibration
Water loss or impact on water quality
Eynez Village
Pillar (to protect Village) 23 23

24. Risk Assessment
Mining near to or underneath an operational open cut mine
Water inrush if flooded
Blasting
Pillar and strata issues
Open Pit Mine (TKI) 24 24

25. Risk Assessment Mining next to old underground workings
Water inrush if flooded
Pillar and strata issues 25 25

26. Risk Assessment Mining through faults Pathways for water and gas
Pillar and strata issues
Longwall operations difficult (eg) slow advance which leads to deteriorating strata conditions in gate/tail roads 26 26

27. Risk Assessment Mining in thick seam and use of LTCC
Caving issues (eg) mudrush (fines and water in goaf / cave zone)
Pillar and strata issues
Longwall operations difficult
Spon com 27 27

28. Risk Assessment Gas – high gas concentrations Gas explosion
Effects on strata instability (eg) coal outbursts
Asphyxiation
Lower coal seam interconnectivity and through faults
Fire
Carbon Monoxide
Effects on ventilation flows
Spontaneous Combustion
The coal has a high propensity for spon com
Goafs
CO inflows to other areas 28 28

29. Risk Assessment
Additional controls were developed throughout the hazard identification section of the risk assessment with a focus on the hierarchy of controls as depicted in the figure below.
Hierarchy of Controls
1. Eliminate the Hazard
2. Substitute / Minimise
3. Engineering Control
Redesign
Enclose
Isolate
4. System Controls
Safe Work Procedures
Training
Warning Devices
5. PPE (last line of defence) 29 29

30. Conclusions
At Eynez East Coal Mine three major hazard groups were identified.
DEF internal control procedures and applications are developed.
DEF Team suitably being trained.
DEF Management Commitment, DE vision covers these major risks
DE Safety Management Plan and applications covers the risks.
Outside Services and Studies for Spon Com, Strata and Gas explosion
Purchasing fit for purpose systems to reduce the impact of risks.
Continuous training, monitoring and auditing.
Reporting all incidents and accidents.
Proactive HS applications. 30 30

31. THANK YOU