1. Textiles Material
Woven Fabrics

2. Fabric: Characteristics and Properties
Fabric is made from yarns, which in turn are made from fibres. To make different types of fabrics the yarns are joined together in different ways.
Yarns are made by spinning the fibres together.

3. Fabric: Characteristics and Properties
There are three types of fabrics
Woven
Fibres and yarns are interlaced at
right angles
Knitted
Fibres and yarns are interlooped
eg jumpers,swimmers, stockings
Non-Woven
Fibres and yarns are bonded together
eg chux cleaning cloths, felt, the disposal hats
we wear in food technology

4. Woven Fabrics Woven fabrics are produced by the process of weaving.
Weaving is the interlacing of two or more yarns, using a loom.
The machine that is used to weave fabrics is called a LOOM
The width of the loom determines the width of the fabric. The 3 widths that you usually buy fabric in is 90cm, 112 (or 115 cm) and 150 cm

5. Woven Fabric Structure
Warp Yarn:
Yarns that go down the length of the fabric - parallel to the selvedge
Weft Yarn:
Yarns that go across the woven fabric
- perpendicular to the selvedge
Selvedge:
The woven edge of woven fabric that
does not fray
Try tugging a piece of fabric in either direction - it sounds different. This is how you can work out the warp and weft when the sevedge has been removed. The warp direction has less ‘give’. Fold the fabric diagonally and pull it - it is very stretchy.This is called the bias or across the grain.

6. Plain Weave
The plain weave is the simplest weave. The weft yarn is passed under one and over one warp yarn at a time.
Properties:
Durability (lasts a long time)
Strength
Low Luster (shine)
Frays easily
Fabric Types:
Organza
Linen
Calico
Poplin

7. Twill Weave
In a twill weave the weft yarn goes over two and then under two warp yarns, making a diagonal pattern on the surface of the fabric.
Properties:
Durability (lasts a long time)
Strength
Insulating (helps to keep us warm)
Low elasticity
Fabric Types:
Denim
Cotton Drill

8. Satin Weave
In a Satin weave the weft yarn travels over three or four warp yarns and then under on warp yarn. This pattern forms long lengths of yarn on the surface of the fabric known as ‘floats’ because they float over the surface.
Properties:
Lustre (shine)
Smooth
Weak
Fabric Types:
Satin