1. ROCK IDENTIFICATION LAB

2. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

3. Obsidian  Mafic (black) Extrusive Igneous Rock  No crystals formed  Glassy  Very quick cooling molten rock (lava)

4. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

5. Basalt  Mafic Extrusive Igneous Rock  Fine grained (some small crystals)  Formed from dark dense lava  Pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar

6. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

7. Scoria  Mafic Extrusive Igneous Rock  No crystals formed  Forms as a frothy crust on the top of a lava flow or as material ejected from a volcanic vent and solidifying while airborne  Many holes formed - gasses released

8. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

9. Pumice  Felsic Extrusive Igneous Rock  No crystals formed  Quick cooling molten rock (lava)  Many holes formed - gasses released  Floats on water

10. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

11. Granite  Felsic Intrusive Igneous Rock  Coarse Grained - can see crystals  Contains quartz and feldspar

12. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

13. Shale  Clastic Sedimentary Rock  Thin, dark gray sheets – easily broken  Formed from mud and clay being pressed together

14. Image Source What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

15. Sandstone  Clastic Sedimentary Rock  Light red/dark pink with very small pieces of sand  Quartz cemented by silica or lime  Most form in shallow seas

16. Image Source What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

17. Coal  Organic Sedimentary Rock  Black, smooth and lightweight  Formed from layers of plant remains that are pressed together over time

18. Image Source What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

19. Limestone  Organic Sedimentary Rock  Calcium Carbonate - calcite  Forms from the accumulation of shell, coral, and fecal debris in clear, warm, shallow marine waters

20. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

21. Conglomerate  Clastic Sedimentary Rock  Red with rounded pebbles cemented together  Formed near moving water

22. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

23. Quartzite  Metamorphic Rock  Non-Foliated  Individual quartz grains have recrystallized but are too small too see  Metamorphism of Sandstone

24. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

25. Marble  Metamorphic  Non-Foliated  Made of mostly small to medium sized calcite crystals  Metamorphism of Limestone

26. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

27. Gneiss  Metamorphic  Foliated – pink and grey alternating bands  Medium to coarse grained texture  Metamorphism of Granite

28. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

29. Slate  Metamorphic Rock  Foliated  Breaks into thin “slices”  Metamorphism of Shale

30. What type of rock is this? Where or how is it formed?

31. Hornfels  Metamorphic Rock  Non-foliated  Fine grained crystals  Metamorphism of clays or Shales

32. Comparisons  Basalt vs. Slate  Both dark colors  Basalt is igneous and Slate is metamorphic  Pumice vs. Basalt  Both igneous made of quick cooling lava (extrusive)  Pumice is felsic and Basalt is mafic  Granite vs. Gneiss  Both have course grains/crystals  Granite is igneous and Gneiss is metamorphic

33. Comparisons  Scoria vs. Pumice  Both are porous (have air bubbles/holes)  Scoria is mafic and Pumice is felsic  Obsidian vs. Coal  Both are black, no crystals  Obsidian is igneous and Coal is sedimentary  Marble vs. Limestone  Both are made of calcite  Marble is metamorphic and Limestone is sedimentary

34. Comparisons  Slate vs. Shale  Both thin slices, made of mud and clay, dark color  Slate is metamorphic (morphed from shale), Shale is sedimentary  Hornfels vs. Slate  Both metamorphic rocks made from Shale  Hornfels is not foliated and Slate is foliated  Sandstone vs. Quartzite  Both grainy and made of Quartz  Sandstone is sedimentary and Quartzite is metamorphic

35. Comparisons  Limestone vs. Marble  Both are made of calcite  Limestone is sedimentary and Marble is metamorphic  Conglomerate vs. Limestone  Both sedimentary rocks formed in or near water  Conglomerate is clastic (made of pebbles cemented together by moving water) and Limestone is organic (made of shell coral, fecal debri found in shallow water)  Gneiss vs. Granite  Both contain course grain crystals  Gneiss is metamorphic and Granite is igneous

36. Comparisons  Quartzite vs. Sandstone  Both contain the mineral Quartz  Quartzite is metamorphic (pressure and heat), Sandstone is sedimentary (cemented together by water + sandstone or lime)  Coal vs. Obsidian  Both are black and smooth and contain no crystals  Coal is sedimentary and Obsidian is igneous  Shale vs. Slate  Both made of mud and clay (Slate is made from Shale)  Shale is sedimentary and Slate is metamorphic