1. Circles, Squares, and Daggers How Native Americans Watched the Skies
Unit 2: Astronomy
Level 5
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

2. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Selection Vocabulary
astronomical observatories
archaeoastronomy
horizon
carbon dating
petroglyphs
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

3. astronomical observatories
You have probably heard about stargazers of the past such as the ancient Egyptians, the builders of Stonehenge, and the Mayas. Did you know that Native Americans, too, made astronomical observatories long before Europeans arrived?
Our class is going on a field trip to two astronomical observatories to view Saturn?
Definition – places designed for watching the universe beyond Earth, including stars, planets, and galaxies.
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

4. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
archaeoastronomy
The study of these ancient observatories is called archaeoastronomy. By combining astronomy with archaeology, we are beginning to understand how people of the past observed the stars.
My sister is taking a course in archaeoastronomy, the study of ancient astronomical observatories.
Definition – the study of ancient astronomical observatories
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

5. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
horizon
The point on the horizon where a star rises changes slightly over time.
Every evening the sun sets on the horizon.
Definition – the line where Earth and sky seem to meet.
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

6. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
carbon dating
The wheel was dated by figuring out when bright stars rose close to the points shown by the cairns. The calculations agreed with carbon dating for the site.
Scientists use carbon dating to measure the amount of chemical carbon found in a fossil to tell its age.
Definition – using carbon 14 to find out the age of old material.
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

7. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
petroglyphs
All over the Southwest there are many such figures, called petroglyphs, cut in the rock. Spirals, crosses, rough outlines of humans, lizards, birds – all had meaning.
We saw the petroglyphs, or rock carvings, left by an early tribe on the sides of mountains in New Mexico.
Definition – drawings or words cut into a rock.
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

8. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Vocabulary Quiz
_______ is the line where Earth and sky seem to meet.
Drawings or words cut into a rock is known as ________.
________ are places designed for watching the universe beyond Earth, including stars, planets, and galaxies.
Using carbon 14 to find out the age of old material is called ______.
_______ is the study of ancient astronomical observatories.
astronomical observatories
archaeoastronomy
horizon
carbon dating
petroglyphs
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

9. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Reading the Words
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

10. Most Adverbs end with -ly
gradually
directly
roughly
absolutely
Can you identify each root word?
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

11. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Schwa plus l (Əl) words
circle
travel
spiral
pencil
capitol
Can you think of anymore words that end with the /Əl/, spelled le, el, al, il, or ol?
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

12. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Do your best, add -es
equinoxes
inches
cargoes
Change y to i and add –es
varieties
What other words do you know that require –es when plural?
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

13. Words containing /ō/ spelled o and o_e
social
spokes
shone
Mexico
adobe
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

14. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Reading the Sentences
The ball’s speed increased gradually, and it went directly through the goal.
What are the 2 adverbs used in this sentence?
gradually, directly
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

15. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
She drew a circle in her spiral notebook.
Which words contain the /Əl/ sound?
circle, spiral
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

16. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
There are many varieties of fish in the ocean.
What is the regular plural in this sentence?
varieties
What is the singular form of the word?
variety
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School

17. Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
The adobe houses in Mexico are made of clay bricks that are baked in the sun.
Which words contain the /ō/ sound?
adobe, Mexico
Mrs. DeVera Miller Maxwell
Lakeland Elementary/Middle School