1. Thermal Imaging Cameras

2. Terminal Objective The students will be able to properly use various types of TICs, while identifying advantages and disadvantages of it’s use. The students will also be able to apply these procedures to use in the field. The students will be able to properly use various types of TICs, while identifying advantages and disadvantages of it’s use. The students will also be able to apply these procedures to use in the field.

3. Enabling Objectives Examine and properly use the Scott Eagle Imager II. Examine and properly use the Scott Eagle Imager II. Examine and properly use the Scott Eagle 160. Examine and properly use the Scott Eagle 160. Examine and properly use the Talisman. Examine and properly use the Talisman. Examine and properly use the Bullard. Examine and properly use the Bullard.

4. Enabling Objectives The student will be able to understand the importance of correct use and how to transmit images to the Command Post. The student will be able to understand the importance of correct use and how to transmit images to the Command Post. The students will also review proposed document NFPA 1801 Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service. The students will also review proposed document NFPA 1801 Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service.

5. Purpose Provide efficiency and confidence in individuals using TICs whether at training or in the field. Provide efficiency and confidence in individuals using TICs whether at training or in the field.

6. Real Life Saves October 19, 1999 October 19, 1999 Franklin, IN. Franklin, IN. Flames were shooting out the front windows, while black smoke filled the structure. Flames were shooting out the front windows, while black smoke filled the structure. Two year old child still inside. Two year old child still inside.

7. Real Life Saves Firefighters entered with TIC and within minutes located the heat signature of the child lying face down in the hallway outside of his bedroom. Firefighters entered with TIC and within minutes located the heat signature of the child lying face down in the hallway outside of his bedroom. Child was barely breathing when extricated. Child was barely breathing when extricated. Bullard TIC. Bullard TIC.

8. Real Life Saves April 26, 2001 April 26, 2001 New Jersey New Jersey Crews forced entry into two story wood frame structure. Crews forced entry into two story wood frame structure. Structure fire, smoke from top-to-bottom, and flames in master bedroom. Structure fire, smoke from top-to-bottom, and flames in master bedroom.

9. Real Life Saves Crews took Bullard TIC in to search, cluttered house, entered bedroom, and did sweep of bed and found nothing. Found one victim on the top bunk and extricated. Crews took Bullard TIC in to search, cluttered house, entered bedroom, and did sweep of bed and found nothing. Found one victim on the top bunk and extricated. Using the TIC, FF’s noticed an arm of 7 year old child on bottom bunk. 7 y/o was lying on top on 5 y/o child. All in respiratory arrest. Using the TIC, FF’s noticed an arm of 7 year old child on bottom bunk. 7 y/o was lying on top on 5 y/o child. All in respiratory arrest.

10. Real Life Saves 3 children saved, 1 elderly lady escaped and 3 people died. 3 children saved, 1 elderly lady escaped and 3 people died. TIC’s are very valuable, when we know how to use them. TIC’s are very valuable, when we know how to use them.

11. NFPA 1801 Proposed Document: Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service 2010 Edition. Proposed Document: Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service 2010 Edition. Scope: Scope: This standard shall specify the design, performance, testing, and certification requirements for thermal imagers used for fire service. This standard shall specify the design, performance, testing, and certification requirements for thermal imagers used for fire service.

12. NFPA 1801 Purpose: Purpose: Minimum requirements. Minimum requirements. Definitions: Definitions: Battery Indicator- Displays power status of battery. Battery Indicator- Displays power status of battery. Display- Screen. Display- Screen. Field of View- The area that is visible through an optical instrument. Field of View- The area that is visible through an optical instrument.

13. NFPA 1801 Definitions: Definitions: Image Colorization- The application of color to the otherwise grayscale image to denote specific areas of concern. Image Colorization- The application of color to the otherwise grayscale image to denote specific areas of concern. Luminance- A photometric measure of the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area. Luminance- A photometric measure of the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area. Resolution- The degree of sharpness of a detected or displayed image. Resolution is expressed as a matrix of dots. Resolution- The degree of sharpness of a detected or displayed image. Resolution is expressed as a matrix of dots.

14. NFPA 1801 Definitions: Definitions: Standby Mode- Power save mode. Standby Mode- Power save mode. White-Hot Polarity- Grayscale image based on the fact that the warmest object is the whitest object. White-Hot Polarity- Grayscale image based on the fact that the warmest object is the whitest object.

15. NFPA 1801 Certification: Certification: Should be recertified every 5 years by manufacturer. Should be recertified every 5 years by manufacturer. Design Requirements: Design Requirements: Should be designed for not less than 50,000 cycles. Should be designed for not less than 50,000 cycles. Switch on with single gloved hand. Switch on with single gloved hand.

16. NFPA 1801 Design: Design: Power button “Green”. Power button “Green”. Turn On- 1 second Turn On- 1 second Turn Off- must hold for at least 3 seconds and not more than 5 seconds. Turn Off- must hold for at least 3 seconds and not more than 5 seconds. TI Basic Operational Format TI Basic Operational Format Grey scale imagery with white-hot polarity. Grey scale imagery with white-hot polarity. Power supply status Power supply status Internal electronics overheat indicator Internal electronics overheat indicator Thermal imager-on indicator Thermal imager-on indicator

17. NFPA 1801 Design: Design: TI Basic continued (Optional) TI Basic continued (Optional) Heat indicating color Heat indicating color Temperature bar Temperature bar TI Basic Plus TI Basic Plus Switch for Plus to Basic Switch for Plus to Basic Provide all required in Basic Provide all required in Basic

18. NFPA 1801 Design: Design: 3 vertical sections 3 vertical sections Left- Additional Info. Area Left- Additional Info. Area Center- Alarm and Operational Indicators Center- Alarm and Operational Indicators Right- Temperature Sensing Indicators Right- Temperature Sensing Indicators Test conducted for water proof. Test conducted for water proof. Must withstand 500 degrees for 5 minutes. Must withstand 500 degrees for 5 minutes.

19. Any Questions?

20. Scott Eagle Imager II

21. Looks at temperature differences (infrared radiation) rather than visible light. Looks at temperature differences (infrared radiation) rather than visible light. Can recognize differences + or -.5 degrees. Can recognize differences + or -.5 degrees. Cooler objects appear as darker images while warmer objects appear on the display screen as lighter. Cooler objects appear as darker images while warmer objects appear on the display screen as lighter. The images will appear sharper when viewing objects with a greater temperature differential. The images will appear sharper when viewing objects with a greater temperature differential.

22. Scott Eagle Imager II Characteristics Characteristics Housing is water resistant. Housing is water resistant. Vibration and impact resistant. Vibration and impact resistant. Housing will support the weight of a 300 LBS. person crawling. Housing will support the weight of a 300 LBS. person crawling. Sensitivity Distance Sensitivity Distance Focus on objects 3 feet to infinity. Focus on objects 3 feet to infinity. Thermal images detected up to 600 feet. Thermal images detected up to 600 feet.

23. Scott Eagle Imager II

24. Color Palette Color Palette Images can display in three ways: Images can display in three ways: Grey monochrome image- black/cool to white/hot. Grey monochrome image- black/cool to white/hot. Autumn- dark red/cool to bright yellow/hot. Autumn- dark red/cool to bright yellow/hot. Color- blue/cool to bright yellow/hot. Color- blue/cool to bright yellow/hot. Do not point directly at sun at all or heat sources in excess of 1500 F for extended time period. Do not point directly at sun at all or heat sources in excess of 1500 F for extended time period.

25. Scott Eagle Imager II

28. Transmitter Transmitter 4 channels 4 channels Burn building uses channel 2. Burn building uses channel 2.

29. Scott Eagle Imager II

30. Radiometry- Degree read out F or C. Radiometry- Degree read out F or C. Min. 32 F. Min. 32 F. Infotherm- provides a special combination Grey monochrome/color display where objects in excess of 450 F appear as shades of red in an otherwise Monochrome image. Infotherm- provides a special combination Grey monochrome/color display where objects in excess of 450 F appear as shades of red in an otherwise Monochrome image.

31. Scott Eagle Imager II On-screen display provides information: On-screen display provides information: Battery life Battery life Internal temperature Internal temperature Menu options Menu options

32. Scott Eagle Imager II Battery Life Battery Life Rechargeable Nickel-Metal Hydride battery capable of powering the unit for approximately one hour with the use of transmitter, slightly longer without transmitter. Rechargeable Nickel-Metal Hydride battery capable of powering the unit for approximately one hour with the use of transmitter, slightly longer without transmitter. Battery Level appears in upper right hand corner. White = Full, Black = Low Battery Level appears in upper right hand corner. White = Full, Black = Low

33. Scott Eagle Imager II Battery Life Battery Life The low battery icon will appear near the center of the display screen when the battery requires charging. Triangle with empty battery inside. The low battery icon will appear near the center of the display screen when the battery requires charging. Triangle with empty battery inside. When appears user has approximately 5 to 10 minutes of life remaining. When appears user has approximately 5 to 10 minutes of life remaining.

34. Scott Eagle Imager II

35. Internal Temperature Internal Temperature Operates with 158 F internal core temperature. Operates with 158 F internal core temperature. Will alert the user with a flashing temperature warning icon. Will alert the user with a flashing temperature warning icon. Yellow Triangle with ! Yellow Triangle with ! !

36. Scott Eagle Imager II Menu options Menu options To review menu, press and hold control buttons. To review menu, press and hold control buttons. Press once to scroll, press and hold to assign. Press once to scroll, press and hold to assign. Once assigned, press control button to turn on/off. Once assigned, press control button to turn on/off.

37. Scott Eagle Imager II

38. Any Questions?

39. Scott Eagle 160

40. Very similar to Scott Eagle Imager. Very similar to Scott Eagle Imager. Major differences: Major differences: Battery Life = approximately 3 ½ hours, 2 hours if transmitting. Battery Life = approximately 3 ½ hours, 2 hours if transmitting. LOW BAT will show when 20% is left. LOW BAT will show when 20% is left. Operates in upper and lower temperature ranges Operates in upper and lower temperature ranges EI will show in upper left corner for temperatures above 200 F. EI will show in upper left corner for temperatures above 200 F. Temperatures above 1000F will appear red. Temperatures above 1000F will appear red.

41. Scott Eagle 160 Differences: Differences: Handle position Handle position Can change to three positions for different angles. Can change to three positions for different angles. Control buttons Control buttons Right- On, off, and standby Right- On, off, and standby Left- Transmit Left- Transmit

42. Scott Eagle 160

43. Video Video

44. Any Questions?

45. Talisman

46. Talisman Similar to Scotts Similar to Scotts Major differences Major differences Battery Life Battery Life 4.85 hours 4.85 hours Low Battery appears when 8-15 minutes are left. Low Battery appears when 8-15 minutes are left. Control Buttons Control Buttons Turn on/off with red button on bottom. Turn on/off with red button on bottom. Button on left turn transmitter on/off Button on left turn transmitter on/off Button on right zoom 2X. Button on right zoom 2X. Button on top will convert reflections. Button on top will convert reflections. Use crosshairs to detect temperature Use crosshairs to detect temperature

47. Talisman

48. Talisman

49. Any Questions?

50. Use of TIC Not for night vision. Not for night vision. Will not see through walls Will not see through walls Will see temperature differences in the wall. Will see temperature differences in the wall. Standing in Classroom 2, I could not see students on the other side of the curtain in classroom 1. Standing in Classroom 2, I could not see students on the other side of the curtain in classroom 1. Glass, water, painted metal door and surfaces similar can reflect infrared waves and not detect behind. Glass, water, painted metal door and surfaces similar can reflect infrared waves and not detect behind.

51. Use of TIC Must practice with in order to master. Must practice with in order to master. Do not rely on, use as a tool in your toolbox. Do not rely on, use as a tool in your toolbox. Emissivity Values Emissivity Values Steel, brass, copper, and aluminum can vary accuracy. Steel, brass, copper, and aluminum can vary accuracy. Actual temperature for steel can be 500C but TIC read over a 1000C. Actual temperature for steel can be 500C but TIC read over a 1000C.

52. Use of TIC Extremely dense smoke can obscure some heat sources or high temperature objects by absorbing the infrared energy from the objects. Extremely dense smoke can obscure some heat sources or high temperature objects by absorbing the infrared energy from the objects. Heated smoke or a layer of heated gases can obscure the presence of heat sources or high temperature objects by creating a uniform temperature image. Heated smoke or a layer of heated gases can obscure the presence of heat sources or high temperature objects by creating a uniform temperature image.

53. Use of TIC Occasionally wipe dirt and soot off lens. May obscure or reduce the clarity of the thermal image. Occasionally wipe dirt and soot off lens. May obscure or reduce the clarity of the thermal image. Should be cleaned after each use. Should be cleaned after each use.

54. Use of TIC

63. Training with Transmitter While conducting Live Fire Drills, the FA will always verify that each camera is transmitting properly to the command center. While conducting Live Fire Drills, the FA will always verify that each camera is transmitting properly to the command center. Familiarize yourself with the channel and control button that manages the transmitting. Familiarize yourself with the channel and control button that manages the transmitting. This procedure allows for an additional set of eyes and allows for the evolution to be recorded. This procedure allows for an additional set of eyes and allows for the evolution to be recorded.

64. Any Questions?

65. Summary NFPA 1801 NFPA 1801 Scott Eagle Imager II Scott Eagle Imager II Scott Eagle 160 Scott Eagle 160 Talisman Talisman Use of TIC Use of TIC