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FIGURE 16-1 Pathways for contamination.
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FIGURE 16-2 Circumferential cutoff wall.
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FIGURE 16-3 Upgradient vertical barrier.
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FIGURE 16-4 Down-gradient vertical barrier.
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FIGURE 16-5 Embedment of vertical barrier walls.
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FIGURE 16-6 Soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff wall construction schematic.
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FIGURE 16-7 Slurry trench excavation.
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FIGURE 16-8 Soil-bentonite backfill permeability test results.
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FIGURE 16-9 Soil-bentonite backfill hydraulic conductivity.
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FIGURE 16-10 Grain size distribution for soil-bentonite backfill.
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FIGURE 16-11 Cement-bentonite permeability test results.
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FIGURE 16-12 Schematic of diaphragm slurry trench cutoff wall construction.
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FIGURE 16-13 Vibrated-beam cutoff wall.
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FIGURE 16-14 DSM augers used to construct a vertical barrier.
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FIGURE 16-15 Deep soil-mixed cutoff wall.
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FIGURE 16-16 Composite cutoff wall.
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FIGURE 16-17 Grouting of rock fractures.
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FIGURE 16-18 Potential defects in soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff walls.
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FIGURE 16-19 Block displacement technique.
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FIGURE 16-20 Pump-and-treat performance data for Chem-Dyne Site,
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FIGURE 16-21 Single extraction well capture zone (not drawn to scale).
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FIGURE 16-22 Single extraction well capture zone (not drawn to scale).
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FIGURE 16-23 Partially penetrating single extraction well capture zone (not drawn to scale).
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FIGURE 16-24 Schematic of air sparging.
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FIGURE 16-25 NoVOCs well construction.
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FIGURE 16-26 Section of containment system at Love Canal.
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FIGURE 16-27 Biopolymer slurry trench.
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FIGURE 16-28 Schematic of SVE system.
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FIGURE 16-29 Schematic of soil/soil vapor model.
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FIGURE 16-30 An SVE system under construction.
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FIGURE 16-31 Effect of distance from vapor extraction well.
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FIGURE 16-32 Twin Cities Army ammunition plant ratio of withdrawal rate versus vacuum head.
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FIGURE 16-33 Twin Cities army ammunition plant vapor pressure drop versus distance.
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FIGURE 16-34 Effective radius of vacuum-influenced normalized pilot-test vacuum data plot.
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FIGURE 16-35 Trailer-mounted soil vapor extraction unit.
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FIGURE 16-36 Plume management for single extraction well, treatment wall curtain, and funnel-and-gate systems.
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FIGURE 16-37 Funnel and gate system configurations.
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