2. World War I Mr. Owen AP – Euro Spring 2010

3. Causes of the Great War  Nationalism – Pride in one’s country  Imperialism – Stronger nation takes over weaker nation  Militarism – Military power and keeping an army prepared for war  Alliances

4. Toward Mass Armies and Industrial War  Industrializations effect on War  Weapons  Transportation  Naval Power  Arms-Race  KEYPOINT  The outcome of a protracted war between industrial powers depended less on rifle strength in the first battles than on industrial might and financial stamina.

6. Assassination in Sarajevo  Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914

7. Austria-Hungarian Response  Austria-Hungary issues a 10-Point Ultimatum to Serbia – Serbia accepts all but 1 of the demands  July 28 th Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia – Starts World War I

8. Franco-Prussian War

9. Lost Land

11. The Great War  Expectation  Unexpected War  Introduction to Total War

12. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

13. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

14. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

15. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

16. The Battle Front

18. Schlieffen Plan  Why  Plan  Goal

19. Schlieffen Plan

20. Indecisive Offensives: 1914– 1915  The Break down of the Schlieffen Plan – Overly Calculated – Belgian Resistance – British Support

21. Indecisive Offensives: 1914– 1915  Initial Strategic Set Back – Westward swing fails – British and French Attack – Result

22. The Race to the Sea  Allies and Central Powers try to out flank each other

23. A Multi-Front War

24. Trench Warfare

26. “No Man’s Land”

27. Trench Warfare

28. Artillery

30. Conditions in the Trenches Lice Hunting

31. Conditions in the Trenches

32. The Industrial and Geographic Factors  Strategic Mobility – Use of RR  Immobility – Lack of Transport – Supplies run out – Defenders always faster – Communication

33. The Industrial and Geographic Factors  Industrial Might  Geographic Factors – Central Powers  Advantage – Central Powers  Disadvantage

34. War of Attrition 1915-1916

35. Western Front  Western Front – German failed offensive – Allied goal – 1915 Death toll: French  1,500,000 Britain  300,000 Germany  875,000

36. Western Front  Battle of Verdun – February 21, 1916 – German Offensive – Characteristics of Fighting – Death toll

38. Western Front  Battle of Somme – July 1916 – British were ineffective 60,000 die in one day! Over 1,000,000 in 5 months – Death Toll

41. Advancements In War

42. Machine Guns Defensive Weapons Trench Warfare Suppressing fire Offensive Weapons Lewis Gun 600 rounds per minute 47 round clips Effective up to 600m Lewis Vickers

43. French Renault Tank

44. The Tank

45. Airplanes and Aircraft

47. The Zeppelin

48. U-Boats

49. Chemical Weapons

50. The Home Front

51. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

52. Financing the War

54. American Poster

55. For Recruitment

56. Eastern Front  Russian “Steamroller” stopped – Victory at Tannenberg

57. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

58. The United States Enters the War  January 1917  Unrestricted Submarine Warfare  Sinking of the Lusitania  Zimmerman Note

59. The Sinking of the Lusitania

60. The Zimmerman Telegram

61. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!