2. Inside a Volcano Contains magma that is over 3000º F Contains rock fragments Volcanic dust: 1/400 of an inch in diameter Volcanic ash: 1/5 of an inch in diameter Volcanic bombs: usually baseball to basketball sized but can be larger Gas Primarily steam Also includes carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and other gases Volcanic gas can carry a large amount of volcanic dust

3. Volcano Locations The Ring of Fire : Encircles the Pacific Ocean Hawaii, Iceland, Southern Europe, West Indies Bottom of the ocean (a new Hawaiian island is being formed by an erupting volcano) Volcanoes can form when one plate moves below another, or when two plates move apart

4. At the Top of Mount Everest Located in the Himalayan Mountains in Nepal Currently 29,035 feet (about 5.5 miles) above sea level Very thin air, which means there is less oxygen Weather is very severe Very strong winds Extremely cold temperatures Summit is covered in snow and ice year-round Avalanches are common Contains many icy crevasses

5. Mariana Trench Located in the Pacific Ocean East of the Mariana Islands Near Japan Formed when one oceanic plate moved under another oceanic plate 36,201 feet deep (almost 7 miles deep) Mount Everest could fit inside of it with room to spare 1,580 miles long, 43 miles wide Deepest point is called The Challenger Deep

6. Mariana Trench (cont’d) Pressure at the deepest part is over 8 tons per square inch! No sunlight reaches it – very dark! The water is very cold (close to freezing) Hydrothermal vents can be found at the bottom Release fluids reaching almost 600º F Release hydrogen sulfide, which make the fluid highly acidic Many fish and microorganisms are known to live in the trench