1. 1 Topic I.7. Pipelines: Kinds, Structures, Construction and Testing Definition: Pipes, transmitting water from the intakes to the service (distributing) reservoirs. Pipelines Kinds I. According to the pressure §Pressurised (gravity, pumping) §Non-pressurised §Slightly pressurised §Combined II. According to the branches §Single §Branch

2. 2 Pipelines Kinds Pressurised pipelines a - Pumping б. b - Gravity B - water intakes HP - service reservoir ПC - pumping station 1 - pipeline 2 - dynamic water head line 3 - static head line 4 - air valves 5 - blow off valves 6 - relieve chambers

3. 3 Pipelines Kinds Pressurised Gravity Pipeline 1 - blow off valves3 - relieve chamber 2 - air valves4 - water intake 5 - service (distributing) reservoir

4. 4 Pipelines Kinds Single and Branch Pipelines a - single pipeline б, b - branch pipelines г - double pipeline 1 - water intakes 2 - pipelines 3 - distributing reservoirs

5. 5 Pipelines Structures Pipeline Appurtenances (Auxiliaries) Valves §Stop (gate) valve §Air valve §Check valve Chambers (Shafts) §Water relieve chamber §Air release/intake shaft §Blow off shaft Other facilities §Invert siphons §Aqueducts (conduits) §Tunnels Pipeline materials §Concrete pipes §Reinforced concrete pipes §Steel pipes §Cast iron pipes §Asbestos-cement pipes §Plastic pipes Pipeline Foundation §Strait pipeline - bed and supports §Horizontal and vertical turns - supports §Duff-end and branching supports

6. 6 Pipelines Structures Air Valves (schemes) 1 - air inlet/release orifice2 - float

7. 7 Pipeline Structures Blow Off Shaft

8. 8 Pipeline Structures Water Relieve Shaft

9. 9 Networks Structures Forces Acting on the Pipelines a - at horizontal curvesб, b - at vertical curves г - at duff end д - at confussors/difussorse - at declined strait pipesж - at T-fittings

10. 10 Pipeline Structures Pipeline Supports a - at horizontal curves б - at declined pipelines b - at duff pipes г - at convex vertical curves д - at concave vertical curves 1, 5 -concrete supporting block 2 - pipe 3 - concrete pillow 4 - insulation 6 - anchors

11. 11 Pipeline Structures Axial Deformation Jack a - Pipes without a flange 1 - gasket filling б - Pipes with a flange 2 - rubber gasket 3 - flanges

12. 12 Pipelines Construction Pipeline Lay Out Requirements §Water intakes and service reservoirs to be connected in the shortest way §The pipeline permanent way must be laid out on uniform and not very steep terrain §The pipeline permanent way must be laid out in parallel with or close to roads §Crossing rivers, rail ways and roads must be avoid if possible §Weak soils should be avoid § Minimum ecological deterioration Pipeline Construction §Pipeline trench digging §Pipes foundation §Pipes laying down §Pipeline trench filling up

13. 13 Pipelines Testing I. Testing stages §First stage - before the trench filling up §Second stage - after the trench filling up §Third stage - pipeline disinfection II. Kinds of tests §Test for strength - at working pressure §Test for permeability III. Testing procedures for permeability §Pressurized pipelines with working pressure under 0,5 MPa - at a pressure, two times higher than the working one §Pressurized pipelines with working pressure over 0,5 MPa - at a pressure, exceeding the working one with 0,5 MPa, but not less than the static head plus 0,2 Mpa