1. The Survival of the Eastern Empire Section 1

2. Standard 7.1.3 Describe the establishment by Constantine of the new capital in Constantinople and the development of the Byzantine Empire, with an emphasis on the consequences of the development of two distinct European civilizations, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic, and their two distinct views on church-state relations.

3. Background Knowledge As Western Europe succumbed to the Germanic invasions, imperial power shifted to the Byzantine Empire (the eastern part of the Roman Empire). Roman government, law and culture lasted for another thousand years.

4. Power Shifts to the East

5. The Rise of Constantine Fought several rival for control of the empire Pagan – someone who believes in more than one god In 324 he becomes the sole ruler of empire and coverts to Christianity Moves the capital to Byzantium, the site of an old Greek city

6. The New Capital Constantinople Located near the Bosporus, and between southeast Europe and Asia Crossroad for trade

7. The New Capital Trade with India, Russia, China and Egypt made Constantinople wealthy Wealth was invested in making the city as magnificent as Rome

8. The New Capital Moat – trench filled with water –Protected the city from attacks by land Easier to defend than Rome

9. Justinian and Theodora The first great Byzantine emperor and his wife Empress Theodora (527 – 565)

10. Justinian’s Conquests Dreamed of resorting Rome’s lost empire Byzantine reached its greatest size Gradually lost land her gained

11. Justinian’s Conquests The empire was at its height In 565, during Justinian’s reign. It included most of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

12. Justinian’s Legacy Justinian’s Code Foundation for legal system Crushed an urban revolt in 532 gaining absolute power

13. Justinian’s Legacy Justinian was an ambitious builder. His greatest monument was the magnificent domed church of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom), which was constructed in just five years (532­37).