1. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termite Treatments Termite Treatments Dr. Richard Houseman Assistant Professor of Entomology Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri

2. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termite Control Tactics Possible Strategies –Physical –Cultural –Biological –Chemical Wood Treatments Soil Barriers Baits

3. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Cultural Controls Avoid wood-to-soil contact –Log piles against structures –Construction debris –Backfill/front stoop shouldn’t contain wood Moisture management –Drainage away from foundation –Gutters, downspouts well-maintained

4. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Physical Control Barriers to tunneling –Sand, basalt, granite, glass, etc. –Grain size of 2.0-2.8 mm. –20cm thick. –Stainless Steel Mesh Termi-Mesh –Thick rubber mats Pre-construction only

5. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Biological Controls Nematodes (Steinernema) –Not effective against subterranean termites in field trials Fungi (Metarhizium) –More successful than nematodes –Bio-Blast (Paragon Professional) –applied as a dust/WP Bacteria (Bacillus) –Has been studied, but not currently used

6. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Chemical Controls Wood Treatments –Reduce feeding on structural wood –Pressure treatments or spray-on Products –BoraCare/Jecta (Nisus) www.nisuscorp.com disodium octaborate tetrahydrate –Tim-bor (U.S. Borax) www.borax.com disodium octaborate tetrahydrate

7. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Chemical Controls Chemical Barriers –Applied to soil around structures –4gal./10ft./1ft.depth –Restricted-use chemicals only Repellent vs. Non-repellent?

8. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Why Soil Barriers? To protect areas of the structure where termites are likely to enter.

9. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

10. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

11. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

12. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

13. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

14. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

15. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

16. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

17. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Subterranean Termite Control Repellent vs. Non-repellents? –Repellent (Pyrethroids) Termites detect and move away from treated soil No mortality –Non-repellent (Various) Termites don’t detect treated soil and enter Mortality results

18. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 1cm 5cm T Termiticide Bioassays

19. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 TTT Control Experimental Repellent Termiticide Bioassays

20. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 TT Control Experimental Non-Repellent Termiticide Bioassays

21. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

22. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termite Behavior Assays Nest Food

23. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Nest Food Repellent Barrier

24. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termiticides Repellent Barrier Products Biflex TC (FMC) www.fmc-apgspec.com/ –bifenthrin; pyrethroid Demon TC (Zeneca) ecaprofprod.com/pest/ –cypermethrin; pyrethroid Dragnet FT (FMC) www.fmc-apgspec.com/ –permethrin; pyrethroid Prelude (Zeneca) www.zenecaprofprod.com/pest/ –permethrin; pyrethroid Prevail FT (FMC) www.fmc-agspec.com –cypermethrin; pyrethroid

25. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termiticides Repellent Barrier Products (cont’) Talstar (FMC) www.fmc-apgspec.com/ –deltamethrin; pyrethroid Torpedo (Zeneca) www.zeneca.com/ –permethrin; pyrethroid Prevail FT (FMC) www.fmc-agspec.com –cypermethrin; pyrethroid Tribute (AgrEvo) www.agrevo.com –fenvalerate; pyrethroid

26. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Nest Food Non-Repellent Barrier

27. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termiticides Non-repellent Barrier Products Premise 75 (Bayer) www.nobugs.com –imidacloprid; chlorinated nicotine derivative Termidor 80 (Aventis) www.aventis.com –fipronil; phenyl pyrazole Phantom (American Cyanamid) www.basf.com –chlorfenapyr; pyrrole

28. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Termidor PerimeterPLUS label Exterior perimeter –MUST Trench/rod along foundation wall –MUST Drill/rod adjoining slabs/patios PLUS –MUST treat active sites indoors (+2ft in at least two directions). –MAY treat susceptible areas Original label directions for spot/partial/full treatments still valid

29. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 A Termidor PerimeterPLUS label A

30. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Chemical Controls Managing Reticulitermes Using Baits –Just ‘killing the queen’ doesn’t work –Centers of activity change in habitat –Splitting colonies can occur using soil termiticides –Termite baits seek to address colony networks

31. Kansas IPM Education October 2005

32. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Why Baiting? To reduce the number of subterranean termites in the vicinity of a structure.

33. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Baiting Methods Four basic methods have been examined: 1.Monitoring stations followed by consumable bait when termites are located 2.Consumable bait in stations prior to detection 3.Consumable bait at the site of infestation 4.Trapping followed by groomable coating applications and release back into station

34. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Typical Baiting Sequence In: Termites: Biology and Pest Management MJ Pearce. 1997.

35. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Baiting Strategies Areas where foraging is likely –Temperature and moisture consistent –Food sources nearby –Active sites are best Do not want to disrupt foraging/feeding Distance between stations –Clustered stations

36. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Baiting Systems Design considerations –Disturbance at station –Monitor integrity/acceptance –Type of active ingredient Palatability of active ingredient Metabolism of active ingredient –Bait matrix

37. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Commercial Baits Sentricon (noviflumeron) Firstline (sulfluramid) Exterra (diflubenzuron) Subterfuge (hydramethylnon) Advance (diflubenzuron) Terminate (sulfluramid)

38. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Sentricon

39. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 First Line

40. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Exterra

41. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Terminate

42. Kansas IPM Education October 2005 Thank you. Questions or Comments?