1. Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity, and Property Values in an Urbanizing Region Kevin Bigsby, Chris Clary, Nyeema Harris, George Hess, Megan Lawler, Melissa McHale, Alicia Raimondi, Shawn Shifflett, Neal Wisenbaker

2. (World Population Prospects 2007, United Nations) Introduction US Population Growth

3. Introduction Land Use Change

4. (Foley et al. 2005, Science) Introduction Impacts of land use change

5. Biophysical Approach: Does managing for ecosystem services in a highly urbanizing region inherently encompass areas of conservation concern? Valuation Approach: Will the monetary value of ecosystem services outcompete property value in a rapidly developing area? Introduction Research Questions

6. Study Area T RIANGLE R EGION, N ORTH C AROLINA Introduction Study Area

7. BIODIVERSITY: HABITAT QUALITY AND RARITY CARBON STORAGE CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESERVIOR HYDROPOWER PRODUCTION WATER PURIFICATION: NUTRIENT RETENTION AVOIDED RESERVIOR SEDIMENTATION MANAGED TIMBER PRODUCTION CROP POLLINATION InVEST Methods

8. 2001 Land Cover Methods

9. URBAN AREAS : M ODERATELY HIGH AGRICULTURAL AREAS L OW W ETLANDS AND FORESTS : H IGH C ARBON S TORED (B IOPHYSICAL ) Methods Ecosystem Service

10. N UTRIENT R ETENTION (B IOPHYSICAL ) Methods Ecosystem Service H IGH V ALUES T HROUGHOUT S PATIALLY H ETEROGENEOUS

11. P OLLINATION (B IOPHYSICAL ) Methods Ecosystem Service URBAN AREAS L OW F ORESTS LOCATED NEAR A G AREAS H IGH

12. Methods Stacked Ecosystem Service Carbon Nutrient Retention Pollination ALL SERVICES

13. V ERTEBRATE SPECIES RICHNESS Methods Biodiversity Metric 1:

14. E LEMENT OCCURRENCES Methods Biodiversity Metric 2:

15. S IGNIFICANT N ATURAL H ERITAGE A REAS Method Biodiversity Metric 3:

16. Methods Ecosystem Service Quartiles F ORESTS LOCATED NEAR A G AREAS AND W ETLANDS IN F OURTH Q UARTILE URBAN AREAS IN FIRST QUARTILE

17. V ERTEBRATE SPECIES RICHNESS 98%96% 99%100% Modeled species richness does not vary significantly according to the Ecosystem service quartile. NO CONCORDANCE Result Biodiversity Metric 1:

18. Element Occurrences Completeness – n (%) of total occurrences Representation – n (%) of unique occurrences Ecosystem services capture to identity, but not the spatial distribution of element occurrences MODERATE CONCORDANCE E LEMENT OCCURRENCES Result Biodiversity Metric 2:

19. S IGNIFICANT N ATURAL H ERITAGE A REAS Ecosystem services do not efficiently protect SNHAs LOW CONCORDANCE Result Biodiversity Metric 3:

20. Interpretations varied depending on the biodiversity metrics Overall, low concordance between biodiversity and ecosystems services Win-win locations do exist in a urbanizing region Using an ecosystem approach to conserve biodiversity is not efficient Summary Ecosystem Services & Biodiversity

21. Biophysical Approach: Does managing for ecosystem services in a highly urbanizing region inherently encompass areas of conservation concern? Valuation Approach: Will the monetary value of ecosystem services outcompete property value in a rapidly developing area? Part II Ecosystem Service Valuation

22. Ecosystem Services Carbon Sequestration Water Purification: Nutrient Retention Crop Pollination InVEST Methods How are we comparing values? Property Value vs. Multiple Ecosystem Service Value 20 year values with a 1% discount rate Theme There are reasons to establish contracts early for ecosystem service conservation.