1. Hardwood anatomy

2. Hardwoods - vessel element and pores
Fibers
Vessel element

3. Pore distribution – ring porous
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood

4. Pore distribution – semi-ring porous
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood

5. Pore distribution – diffuse porous
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood
Earlywood

6. Pore distribution – ring porous
Latewood
Earlywood
Latewood

7. Pore distribution – diffuse porous
Earlywood
Latewood

8. Perforation plates
Simple perforation
plates

9. Perforation plates
Scalariform perforation
plate

10. Inter-vessel pitting
opposite
alternate
linear/scalariform

11. Fibers

12. Fibers
Cell wall
Cell cavity
(lumen)

13. Fiber cell wall thickness variation
Elm
Aspen

14. Longitudinal parenchyma

15. Longitudinal parenchyma
(Wilson and White)
longitudinal parenchyma

16. Parenchyma - paratracheal
Surrounding
latewood pores

17. Paratracheal longitudinal parenchyma
Parenchyma surrounding latewood pores (Ash)

18. Parenchyma - apotracheal
Banded throughout
growth ring

19. Parenchyma – apotracheal
Banded throughout
growth ring

20. Parenchyma – paratracheal and apotracheal
Surrounding
pores
Banded

21. WAKE UP AT THE BACK!!!

22. Rays

23. Ray parenchyma - cell types
upright
procumbent
Heterocellular
Homocellular
(Wheeler)

24. Rays – oak-type and uniseriate
Uniseriate rays
Oak-type ray

25. Rays - multiseriate
Multiseriate rays

26. Rays - uniseriate
Uniseriate rays

27. Rays – oak-type and uniseriate
Oak-type ray
Uniseriate rays

28. Rays – multiseriate and uniseriate
Multiseriate ray
Uniseriate ray

29. Rays – multiseriate and uniseriate
Uniseriate ray
Multiseriate ray

30. Birch
Maple

31. Rays - uniseriate
Uniseriate rays

32. Tyloses

33. Tyloses

34. Red oak
White oak

35. Anybody feel like this yet ?!

36. Hardwoods – common species misidentification

37. Genuine mahogany
Red lauan

38. Red lauan – gum ducts

39. Red lauan – gum ducts

40. Birch
Maple

41. Birch
Maple

42. Aspen
Basswood

43. Basswood
Aspen