1. Global Colloquium Singapore, Oct. 20, 2010 Adding Value in addressing the grand challenge areas of health and water through an international dual degree program with a multi-disciplinary research initiative By Sigrid Berka

2. Adding Value through international and interdisciplinary graduate research National Science Board’s Science and Engineering Indicators 2010 >international collaborations steadily growing indicated by co-authorship of journal articles Open Doors Report on Intern. Educational Exchange >Study abroad is growing but only 4% for year abroad World Economic Forum rankings > US falling behind in global competitiveness NSF shows increased international commitment > through its PIRE, IRES, IREE and IGERT programs

3. How to Educate the Global Engineer at URI? Through entrepreneurial dual degree programs on all degree levels By way of an integrative curriculum at home and overseas which allows students at the Bachelor’s level to pursue dual degrees in engineering (B.S.) and German, French, Spanish (B.A.) or Minors in Chinese and Asian Studies (Undergraduate IEP). On the Master’s and PhD level, they receive degrees from two institutions; (from TU-BS + from URI) > a multi - disciplinary, multinational model to internationalize EE. IEP students combine study with work abroad, and international research with hands-on, practical experience.

4. Dual Degree Masters Program First year at home institution (URI) Second year at host institution (TU Braunschweig) Thesis completed at host institution –Mutually supervised and accepted –Joint defense (real or video conference) Supported by German government grant Supported by NSF PIRE grant Supported by industry scholarships URI students in the pipeline: –six complete –Four in process

5. Dual Degree Doctoral Program (supported by NSF-PIRE) Open to all College Of Engineering programs Supported/encouraged by the NSF grant Ph.D. / Dr.-Ing. Minimum one-year residency abroad Common thesis Two advisors, two committees, two defenses All requirements met for both schools URI students in the pipeline: –One complete > NASA; one in process

6. NSF PIRE grant 2.4 Million grant to support educational and research initiatives with TU Braunschweig Research in two grand challenge areas: health and water –Design of Lab-on-a-Chip to detect early response to pathogen infection –Use of microfluidic technology to study generation of fluid pressures to understand tsunami triggering

7. 7 MICROFLUIDIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION-- DETECTION OF BIOMARKERS OF INFECTION AND OCEAN BASED APPLICATIONS IN TRIGGERING TSUNAMI NSF PIRE grant – Lead P.I.: M. Faghri, Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI PIRE Group (University of Rhode Island).J. GrandinProfessor of German and Director Emeritus of IEP C. Anagnostopoulos Electrical Engineering C. BaxterOcean / Civil and Environmental Engineering O. Gregory Chemical Engineering S. GrilliOcean Engineering J. MajorDepartment of Chemistry T. MatherCollege of Environment and Life Sciences D. Meyer Mechanical Engineering Z. ZhangMechanical Engineering A. Abolmaaty College of Environment and Life Sciences PIRE Group (Technical University of Braunschweig ) Stephanus BuettgenbachInstitute of Microtechnology Stefan DuebelInstitute of Biotechnology Manfred KrafczykInstitute of Computer Applications in Civil Engineering Stephan SchollInstitute of Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering Hocine OumeraciInstitute of Water Resources, Ocean/Coastal Engineering

8. Adding value through complementary areas of strength in both locations – three examples Synergy between biology/engineering in tick research (Brad Lefoley) Crossing health and biotechnology in biomarkers research (Kelly Cook) Synergetic approaches in tsunami research (Myriam ElBettah)

9. Tick research at URI/TUBS Brad Lefoley URI Strength: Tick specialist biologist Tom Mather Expertise in Lyme Borreliosis Epidemiology TU-BS Strength: Stefan Duebel/Michael Hust from Biotechnology department Expertise in Antibody Engineering and phage display technology Science+ Interdisciplinary/internat. Engineering = approach for Brad’s thesis

10. 10 Dynamic Pore Pressure in Porous Media Modeled in a Micro-channel network Flow In Flow Out Pressure Ports Pressure Ports Pore Space filled w/ water MICROFLUIDIC-BASED OCEAN APPLICATION: THE ROLE OF FLUID PRESSURES IN THE TRIGGERING OF TSUNAMOGENIC LANDSLIDES MICRO-SCALE TESTING Experiments using mini- and micro- channels will provide data and insight into pore pressure response due to dynamic loading. Dynamic pressure pulses will be generated using a “water hammer” effect and a pneumatic actuator. The properties of the channel will be modified such that the pore pressure response can be compared to pore pressure generation in soils. MICROFLUIDIC MODELING Two different CFD models are currently being used to model the physical microfluidic experiments. The first one, FLUENT, is a FEM that solves the 3-D Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. The second one is a model developed by Prof. Krafczyk’s team at TU-BS, which is based on the Lattice- Boltzmann equations, that also simulate the dynamic behavior of Newtonian fluids similar to the NS equations. MACRO-SCALE TESTING Cyclic triaxial tests of artificial soil made of uniform glass spheres, with local pore pressure measurements, will provide insight into the fundamental pore pressure generation in soils due to seismic loading. Using uniform spheres provides control of pore diameter, leading to a clearer understanding of pore pressure response for various particle sizes. Actual sediment will be used in a second phase. Cyclic Triaxial Tests on Idealized and Real Soils Pore Pressure vs. No. of Cycles A B A ~ 0.01-0.05 mm glass beads B ~ 1.7-2.0 mm glass beads Modeling of a sphere falling through water using Lattice- Boltzmann Methods

11. 11 Model Prospects: Use Validated Numerical Model to Predict Complex Flow Problems Model Validation 1. Poiseuille Flow, Falling Sphere(s),… 2. Input of Lab Tests (Flow Through Idealized Sediment, Dynamic Pressure Propagation) Creation of Numerical Model: Project Directors: C. Baxter 1, S. Grilli 1 and M. Krafczyk 2 Students: PhD Cand. M.El Bettah 1,2, MS Cand. K.A.Bollinger 1,2 1.University of Rhode Island, Department of Ocean Engineering, Narragansett, RI, USA 2.Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Computational Modeling in Civil Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany Coupling Lattice- Boltzmann fluid flow model with sediment modeled as interacting rigid bodies in Physics Engine Dynamic Pressure Pulse Propagation in Idealized Sediment Filled Mini-Channel Experiments Soil Properties Lab Tests Cyclic Triaxial Testing: Rate and Uniformity of Pore Pressure Build-up h q q Sediment Sample Triaxial Cell Large Scale Model Testing Relates Directly to all Three Branches Steady State Mini-Channel Experiments Task 4 - MICROFLUIDIC-BASED OCEAN APPLICATION: The Role of Fluid Pressures in the Triggering of Tsunamogenic Landslides Seismic Loading Pore Pressure Increases Strength Decreases Liquefaction Occurs

12. Tsunami research at URI/TUBS Myriam ElBettah URI Strength: Distinguished Ocean Engineering Professor Stephan Grilli Expertise in dynamical modelling of long wave propagation TUBS Strength: Institute for Computational modeling in Civil Eng. (iRMB) directed by Manfred Krafzyk World Expertise in Lattice Boltzman method Modeling of idealized experiments in Ocean EGR Infrastructure with 1000 processors for parallel simulations

13. Development of a Lab-on-Chip Contact Imaging System for the Detection of Alzheimer’s disease Biomarkers -Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) research with regard to Beta Amyloid (Aß) -Benefits of Biosensor Development for this Point of Care Application -Contact Imaging and Data Manipulation as an inexpensive tool towards this Goal -Future Development of ultimate user-friendly Point-of-Care Biosensor through use of Nanowicks

14. Self-detection Systems A Lab-on-Chip device is only successful when it is - Simple in Procedure - Rapid to Respond - Relevant to Daily Life - Able to give Accurate Results In General Lab-on-Chip Biosensors can be extremely useful for - Point-of-Care Diagnostics - Self-detection and monitoring of health - Substitution of Laboratory Equipment in Third-world Countries With these Considerations in Mind, an Aß device would allow for - Early Stage Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease - Testing of possible agents of Disease development through pre- functionalized Chips - Analysis of Drug interactions in the Body

15. Accurate – Qualitative / Quantitative Results A Light-emitting Diode (LED) can provide a very specific and small range of wavelengths to reach the sample without the need for filters A Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) allows for intensity detection extremely inexpensively, without any optics, or laboratory equipment. Designing micro-fluidic chips with reaction chambers at optimal size to be placed directly on top of the sensor, eliminates the need for any lenses. Qualitative Results can than be turned into quantitative results through simple analysis with programs such as Matlab.

16. Alzheimers Disease Biomarkers Research Kelly Cook URI Strength: NSF PIRE PI Mohammed Faghri, internationally known expert in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer TUBS Strength: Institute for Microtechnology Expertise in LEDs, CCDs and other devices >Multi-Disciplinary training of students in PIRE project >company network for internships >German for engineers Complementary course “Microfluidics”

17. Summary of Added Values gained in international dual degree grad. programs Transfer of knowledge gained abroad –Broadened scope of methods/skills; –Capitalizing on different strengths and “engineering cultures” to create innovative discoveries Raising of technical competitiveness –Benefit through complementary offerings –Increase in Depth and Breadth of research Competitiveness for Global Market –Cross-cultural skills and savviness –Advanced High/superior language proficiency through one year stay abroad –Exposure to corporate world through international internships Personal Growth –Transformational change in attitude –Life-long skills to navigate other cultures, academic systems, corporate cultures