1. Structure and composition of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)

2. Electron micrographs of NPCs Gall, 1967

3. Electron micrographs of NPCs

4. Three-dimensional view of a nuclear pore in the double-layered nuclear envelope Gall, 1967

5. Diagram of a model cylinder with the x-, y- and z-axes Akey & Radermacher, 1993

6. Averaged xy slices taken from the 3D map of the NPC

7. Akey & Radermacher, 1993 3D side view of the NPC surface map

8. z slices taken from 3D maps of the NPCs Akey & Radermacher, 1993

9. Surface views of the NPC 3D map

10. 3D representation of the membrane-associated NPC Akey & Radermacher, 1993

11. 3D structure of the NPC Beck et al, 2004

12. Cutaway view of the NPC Beck et al, 2004

13. Slices through the structure of the pore Beck et al, 2004

14. The NPC nuclear basket Kiseleva et al, 2004

15. The NPC cytoplasmic particles Kiseleva et al, 2004

16. The NPC cytoplasmic particles Kiseleva et al, 2004

17. Immuno-labelling of Nup116 Kiseleva et al, 2004

18. The NPC is constructed from three main parts: 1) cytoplasmic components 2) central parts 3) nucleoplasmic components The NPC has eight rotational symmetry. The NPC is huge structure. The vertebrate NPC has about 125 nm diameter (around 20 times larger than a ribosome).

19. Comparison of the peripheral and intrinsic membrane polypeptides of nuclear envelopes and microsomal membranes Gerace et al, 1982

20. Characterization of antibodies to gp 190 and the lamins Gerace et al, 1982

21. Immunofluorescence staining of tissue culture cells with anti-gp 190 and anti-lamins A and C Gerace et al, 1982

22. Immuno-labeling of nuclei with anti-gp 190 Gerace et al, 1982

23. Presence of gp 190 in diverse vertebrate species Gerace et al, 1982

24. Mammalian, yeast and worm nucleoporins Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

25. Like structure, the composition of NPC is highly conserved between human and yeast. The NPC is composed of ONLY about 30 different proteins (nucleoporins). Ribosome has 80 different protein components.

26. Schematic illustration of the NPC structure Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

27. Predicted composition of scaffold and central channel Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

28. Predicted composition of cytoplasmic components Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

29. Predicted composition of nuclear components Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

30. Predicted composition of transmembrane components Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

31. Predicted localization of sub-complexes and nucleoporins within the NPC Angelo & Hetzer, 2008 (Review)

32. The NPC sub-complexes are divided to two categories: 1) peripheral 2) central The nuclear pore complex in turn is made of several protein sub-complexes.