1. Data Mining & Oil-Field Modeling Y.Chang

2. Outline Background Reservoir Simulation Modeling Examples and Projects

3. Geology www.lonestarsecurities.com

4. Oil and Gas Reservoir www.geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca

5. Porosity Porosity = pore-volume / bulk-volume –a measure of the void spaces in a material www.geo.vu.nl www.borntoexplore.org

6. Porosity Distribution www.kgs.ku.edu www.geus.dk

7. Darcy’s Law –describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium Permeability –a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Darcy’s Law www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_law

8. Phase Diagram www.imcampbell.com www.dreamstime.com

9. Saturation A measure of the fluid spaces in pores, e.g., Oil saturation = oil-volume / pore-volume www.ukooa.co.uk www.statoilhydro.com

10. Petroleum Reservoir Modeling www.halliburton.com

11. Reservoir Modeling Process www.beicip-inc.com Well Data: Core, Logs Seismic Data Fluid Data Rock Data Upscalling Simulation Model Well Data + Oil/Gas/Water Production Geologic Model

12. Logs + Core Data Mohaghegh, 2000, SPE 58046

13. Logs + Seismic Data Mohaghegh, 2005, SPE 98012 AmplitudeNeutron porosity: Well 1 and 2

14. Examples and Projects: A Synthetic Reservoir Model

15. Permeability Model size: 24 x 25 x 15 Wells: 25 prodjcers 1 water injector

16. Permeability

17. Initial Oil Saturation

18. Oil Saturation (2 years) Initial So

19. Gas Saturaton (2 years) Initial Sg

20. Field Production Rates

21. Well-13 Production Rates

22. Well-15 Production Rates

23. Well-17 Production Rates

24. Forecast Oil Production

25. Forecast Oil Prod. – 2 nd year Data

26. Other History Match Examples Da Silva, et al., 2007, SPE 107371 Well PH-01 Results Production Data

27. Project 1: Estimate Field Oil Production Rate Data: oil rates vs. time –0 – 300 days: all wells at maximum rates –300 – 360 days: all wells at reduced rates of 100 b/d –360 – 3653 days: all wells at maximum rates Task: –Use 3-year data (0 to 1,096 days), estimate field production rates to 10 years. ?

28. Oil Saturation > 0.65 (6 years)

29. Gas Saturation < 0.15 (6 years)

30. In-fill Well? So>0.65, 6-year Sg<0.15, 6-year

31. Project 2: In-fill Well Location Data –Pore-volume map –Oil saturation map at the 6 th year –Well locations –Oil Volume = Pore-Volume x Oil-Saturation Task –Find a new well (I,j,k) location that can give highest initial oil production rate

32. Well Locations * * WATER INJECTION WELL * I J K WELL 1 24 25 11 24 25 12 24 25 13 24 25 14 24 25 15 * * ALL PRODUCTION WELLS WELL 2 5 1 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 …

33. Oil Saturation Maps OIL SATURATION DISTRIBUTION TIME: 2192.0000 DAYS OR 6.0000 YEARS -- TIME STEP NO.: 50 J = 1 I = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 K 1 0.5301 0.5387 0.5449 0.5459 0.5481 0.5527 0.5558 0.5629 0.6237 0.5819 0.5102 0.4969 0.4916 0.4881 0.4872 2 0.5635 0.6142 0.6426 0.6475 0.5895P 0.6109 0.6306 0.6201 0.7076 0.6832 0.5459 0.5200 0.4916 0.4807 0.4772 3 0.5455 0.6175 0.6406 0.6571 0.6615P 0.6904 0.6898 0.6946 0.7029 0.6422 0.5410 0.5049 0.4812 0.4785 0.4741 4 0.6147 0.6652 0.6843 0.6839 0.6862P 0.6972 0.6877 0.6950 0.6931 0.6810 0.6589 0.5901 0.5344 0.5250 0.5125 5 0.6023 0.6555 0.6681 0.6726 0.6804 0.6859 0.6778 0.6705 0.6698 0.6590 0.6435 0.5711 0.5247 0.5215 0.5221 ……. J = 1 I = 1 2 3 4 5 K 1 0.5301 0.5387 0.5449 0.5459 0.5481 2 0.5635 0.6142 0.6426 0.6475 0.5895P 3 0.5455 0.6175 0.6406 0.6571 0.6615P 4 0.6147 0.6652 0.6843 0.6839 0.6862P 5 0.6023 0.6555 0.6681 0.6726 0.6804 …….

34. Questions?