1. Starbons and their applications
Dr. Vitaliy Budarin
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2. Contents Introduction to mesoporous materials Starbon technology
Starbon applications:
Nanotechnology
Catalysis
Water treatment
Chromatography
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3. Condensation mechanism
Porous materials
Pore type
Pore Size
Condensation mechanism
Type of
Adsorption
Micropore
< 2 nm
Three-dimensional
Non-specific
Mesopore
≥ 2 ≤ 50 nm
Capillary
Specific
Macropore
> 50 nm
No condensation -
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4. Potential applications of mesoporous materials
Adsorption
Chromatography
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry
Catalysis
Filtration
Sensors
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5. Technologies Limitation:
Synthesis of Mesoporus materials
Technologies Limitation:
Costly
Wasteful
Complicated
Time consuming
Limited functionality
Benefits:
regular & well ordered
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6. Is porous structures of native materials accessible for chemistry?
Native mesoporous materials
Nature is adept at the self assembly of organic polymers in a wide range of structural and storage roles in higher plants
Is porous structures of native materials accessible for chemistry?
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7. Expanded starch formation
Methodology utilises:
Starch
inexpensive, biomass
green solvents
water, ethanol and ScCO2
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Chem.Commun, 2002, 2632 7

8. H+ Starbonisation Starbons Mesoporous Starch Carbon 1000C 7000C
Starbon Properties :
Tuneable surface functionality
High mesoporosity (up to 2.0 cm3/g)
High surface areas (up to 500 m2/g)
Controllable electrical conductivity
Particulate / monolithic forms
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Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 8

9. Starbon. Texture properties
Mesopore
Micropore
10 nm
1 nm

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11. Starbon. Textural properties. Influence of the preparation temperature.
4000C Starbon
6000C Starbon
SEM of Starbons
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12. Starbons functionality
Applications
Organic adsorption
Nanotechnology
Chromatography
Metal adsorption
Acid catalysis 
  
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13. Starbon Surface modification
Starbon surface can be modified with:
Halogens
Sulfuric acid
Amines
Chitosan
Phosphates
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14. Starbon application: Synthesis of nanoparticles
The nanoparticle size distribution was controllable by pore structure of Starbon
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Green Chemistry 10 (4), , 2008

15. Starbon application: Acid catalysis in water-organic mixture
Catalyst preparation:
Sulfonation: 400C, 2 h.
Washing:
water
water-ethanol mixture, 800C
Succinic acid
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Chem.Eur.J., 2007, 13, 6914 15

16. Rationale for activity
Esterification should be poor in water
Selective adsorption / exclusion of water?
Reaction in pore / on surface
Product desorbed and stable in aqueous environment
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17. Adsorption of acids. Starbon-4000C
400oC Starbon the best for succinic acid
Correlates with catalysis (?)
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18. Starbon application: Decolourisation of peat water
Peat based soils
West coast of Scotland,
Ireland
Northern England
Low Polarity favoured for silicas and Starbons
Starbons better (high pore size )
Best adsorbs ca. 200mg/g
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19. Adsorption kinetic Methylene blue
High mesoporosity tend to increase rate of adsorption
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20. Starbon application: Decolourisation of peat water
No acid catalyst
95% mesoporosity
Good sugar isomer separation
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Advanced Functional Materials, 20 (11), , 2010

21. Conclusions
Starbon technology is an overall more environmental friendly as compared to commercially available mesoporous materials
Starbons are versatile mesoporous materials
Functionality can be controlled by preparation method
Starbons demonstrated great promise in:
Catalysis
Adsorption
Nano technology
Chromatography
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