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the Engine Starting systems.
Allison T56-A-15 Engine Part 8 This lesson covers the Engine Starting systems. This lesson covers part 8 of the engine: Issue 1 Starting, Ground stop & enrichment (2-21) BLANK (22) TIME: 2 Periods Previous lesson: Engeng7.PPT Next lesson: Engeng9.PPT Equipment: PowerPoint presentation Visual aids: Engeng8.PPT Handouts Engine Notes Issue 1 Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Engine Starting E S DC GTC 4 3 2 1 Starter valve BASOV solenoid
Fire shut-off valves Norm Pulled Start circuits ‘T’ Handle button Ground start interlock relay control Oil control ATM under-freq lock-out relay Nacelle pre-heat Engine anti-icing NRVs Describe the Starter button (No 4 shown on previous slide). Describe the Starter solenoid valve. Describe the Starter motor and propeller brake interaction. Describe the electrical circuit and ‘T’ handle interaction. Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Engine Starting Ground start interlock relay Start button Starter
valve Nacelle pre-heat BASOV 4 Start control E S DC ATM under-freq lock-out relay 3 NRVs Oil control Start circuits Describe circuit operation when the button is depressed. Starter valve solenoid Norm 2 ‘T’ Handle Engine anti-icing solenoid Pulled GTC Fire shut-off valves 1 ATM Lock-out Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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ATM Gen Control { C AØ BØ CØ C C C ATM Gen Out Light ATM Gen ESS AC
Power Indicator Relay ATM Gen Out Light RESET OFF E S DC ATM Gen ON OUT ATM Gen Out Light { ESS AC Bus bar From K6 FIELD TRIP AØ GRND FAULT SENSE COILS BØ Manual reset CØ volt reg ESSENTIAL DC BUS BAR DC TRU TRU ATM Freq Sens Relay Start Buttons ESS AC Bus-Off Indicator Relay DC Ext AC Power Relay ATM Gen Contactor Relay Low Freq Time Delay C Low Freq Lock-out Relay C C ON ON K10 5 sec OFF ESS AC OFF FIELD TRIP OFF FIELD TRIP Show the ATM Lock-out facility: TRIP COIL K9 RESET RESET OVR DPR I S O L A T E D DC RESET COIL GRND FAULT SENSE CCT AC Bus-Off Lights OVERVOLT SENSE CIRCUIT ATM Gen Control ATM Lock-out Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Under-frequency Lockout
Power Indicator Relay ATM Gen Out Light RESET OFF E S DC ATM Gen ON OUT ATM Gen Out Light { ESS AC Bus bar From K6 FIELD TRIP AØ GRND FAULT SENSE COILS BØ Manual reset CØ volt reg ESSENTIAL DC BUS BAR DC TRU TRU ATM Freq Sens Relay Start Buttons ESS AC Bus-Off Indicator Relay DC Ext AC Power Relay ATM Gen Contactor Relay Low Freq Time Delay C Low Freq Lock-out Relay C C ON ON K10 5 sec OFF ESS AC OFF FIELD TRIP OFF FIELD TRIP Describe the ATM Lock-out facility: Locks out under-frequency protection for ATM generator to enable engine start. Describe alternate 28 volt DC supply for ‘double button’ start. TRIP COIL K9 RESET RESET OVR DPR I S O L A T E D DC RESET COIL GRND FAULT SENSE CCT AC Bus-Off Lights OVERVOLT SENSE CIRCUIT ATM Gen Control 57(R) Sqn 5 Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Engine Starting The starter valve opens slowly to progressively load the GTC. The starter valve limits air pressure to the starter motor turbine to 54 psi. The starter motor drives through a dog clutch and the prop brake into the reduction gearbox. Confirm starter valve closure by reference to bleed air manifold pressure gauge and engine TIT cut-back during subsequent starts. The starter valve opens slowly to progressively load the GTC. The starter valve limits air pressure to the starter motor turbine to 54 psi. The starter motor drives through a dog clutch and the prop brake into the reduction gearbox. Confirm starter valve closure by reference to bleed air manifold pressure gauge and engine TIT cut-back during subsequent starts. Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT
Starting-Run, <16% OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY Describe the start circuit. Start sequence. Condition lever at ‘RUN’, BASOV selected open, LSGI selected, Starter button depressed. As the starter button is depressed, it’s integral light should illuminate and the starter valve should start to open. This is confirmed by the Navigator observing the Manifold Bleed Air Pressure gauge. The engine should start to rotate as the starter motor releases the prop brake and drives through it into the reduction gearbox. The RPM should start to indicate on the RPM gauge. Nothing else happens as the engine accelerates until it gets to 16% RPM. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Starting-Run, >16%, <65%
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY As the engine accelerated through 16%, the first set of contacts in the Speed Sense Control (Accessory gearbox) will close energizing the Ignition relay and cause the following to happen: 1. The fuel shut-off valve (Geneva Lock) will be motored open. NEXT SLIDE SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Starting-Run, >16%, <65%
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY Fuel can now flow to the burner manifold and burners, When fuel flow is noted on the the fuel flow gauge the Engineer calls ‘Fuel Flow’. 2. A small amount of fuel will be observed flowing from the drain mast but the manifold drain valves are energized closed and will be held closed by fuel pressure. 3. The enrichment circuit is energized but as enrichment is not selected, this circuit will have no effect on the start sequence. (Covered later) 4. The spur gear fuel pumps are made to operate in parallel (low efficiency at low RPM), as the paralleling valve is energized closed. No indication of this is observed until the Secondary Fuel Pump Pressure warning light illuminates at 150 PSI. 5. The High Energy Ignition Unit (HEIU) is energized and the igniters (cans 2 & 5) ignite the atomized fuel. The TIT will be seen to rise rapidly initially and the Engineer Calls ‘Ignition’. The engine continues to accelerate. Fuel flow and ignition should have occurred by 35 %, if not place the Condition Lever to Ground Stop. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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>16%, <65%, Fuel Px >50psi
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY As the engine accelerates above 23%, the Reduction Gearbox oil pressure should be sufficient to keep the propeller brake from engaging. The engineer will call ‘Oil pressures’ (Reduction Gearbox and Power section). If no Oil pressure is observed by 35%, a Stop Start MUST be called and the condition lever placed to Ground Stop. When the pressure of the fuel in the burner manifold rises above 50 PSI, the burner manifold pressure switch will cause the enrichment relay to be de-energized. (Covered later). As the engine continues to accelerate, Hydraulic system pressure will be increasing and the Engineer will call ‘Hydraulic pressure’. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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>16%, <65%, Fuel Px >150psi
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY Continuing acceleration will cause the pressure in the spur gear pump unit to increase above 150 PSI as the pumps operate in the parallel mode. When this occurs the Secondary Fuel Pump Pressure warning light will illuminate and the Engineer calls ‘Parallel’. The engine will continue to accelerate. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Fuel Pumps PARALLEL SERIES
Briefly explain the difference between Parallel and Series operation. Engine Starting Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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>16%, >65%, Fuel Px <150psi
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < GRND OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR At 60% RPM the Captain should release the Starter button calling ‘Button out’ and the engine should be self-sustaining and continue to accelerate. As the button is released, the Navigator will call ‘Pressure rise’ to confirm closure of the Starter valve removing air to the starter motor. (During subsequent engine starts, a small TIT cut-back can be observed on the running engines to confirm starter valve closure). At 65%, the second set of Speed Sense Control switches open de-energizing the Ignition relay and the following happens: 1. The ignition system is isolated and the igniters stop. 2. The burner manifold drain valves are de-energized but held closed by fuel pressure. 3. The Paralleling valve is de-energized open, placing the fuel pumps back into Series operation. This will be noted by a TIT cut-back and the Secondary Fuel Pump Pressure warning light extinguishing. The engineer will call ‘Series’. The engine accelerates further. When the engine is stable at LSGI (69% % RPM), the Engineer will select the engine to NGI and note the peak TIT. As the engine accelerates, at 94% the third set of switches in the Speed Sense Control will close to change the TD system from Start Limiting to Normal Limiting and change the Max Take capability from 50% to 20%. The Speed Sense Valve will port 14th stage air to close the 5th & 10th stage Acceleration Bleed air valves. (During subsequent starts, a small TIT cut-back can be observed on the running engines to confirm acceleration valve closure). When the engine is stable at NGI, the Engineer checks out the EDG and selects it on line. GROUND STOP RELAY SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Ground Stop Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT
Ground Stop OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY Before stopping the engine it is first selected to LSGI. Placing the Condition lever to Ground Stop energizes the Ground Stop relay causing the Fuel Cut-off valve to motor closed and inhibiting the start circuit. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Ground Stop Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT
Ground Stop OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY As the engine slows down, the Speed Sense Control switch resets ready for the next start sequence and the 5th & 10th Stage Bleed air valves will have opened below 94% when LSGI was selected. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting - Enrichment Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Enrich. Start-Run, <16%
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY As for a non-enrichment start except that the enrichment switch (to the right of the start buttons) is selected from OFF to NORMAL. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting - Enrichment Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Enrich. Start >16%, <65%
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY As for a non-enrichment start except that the Enrichment valve is energized causing the FCU metering valve to be bypassed. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting - Enrichment Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Enrich. Start >16%, <65%
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY As the FCU metering valve has been temporarily bypassed, fuel flow (and pressure) will build rapidly. This will be seen as a sharp rise on the fuel flow gauge with the fuel flow increasing to approximately 544 kg/hr. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting - Enrichment Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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>16%, <65%, Fuel Px >50psi
OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT RELAY FUEL ENRICHMENT SWITCH NORMAL FUEL ENRICHMENT VALVE FUEL MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH CONDITION LEVER MANIFOLD DRAIN VALVE IGNITION RELAY TO FEATHER PUMP CONTROL RELAY AIR 28 VOLTS ESS DC > 65% < PARALLELING VALVE GRND. ST. SW. I S O L DC GRND AIR START SW. TO FEATHER CONTROL BOX AIR TOUCHDOWN RELAY GRND FEA & FUEL S. OFF SW. > 16% < OPEN IGNITION EXCITER TOUCHDOWN SWITCHES MOTOR GROUND STOP RELAY The rapid rise in fuel pressure will quickly result in 50 PSI being achieved in the burner manifold. When this happens, the burner pressure switch de-energizes the enrichment relay and normal fuel flow and start sequence are resumed. The ‘pressure spike’ only occurs for about 2 seconds and serves to provide initial high pressure at the burner to atomize the fuel to make it ignite more readily. Particular attention must be paid to the possibility of the fuel flow ‘hanging up’ as this will result in turbine damage and QEC replacement. Should this occur the Engineer must be ready to call Stop Start immediately. Once the pressure spike has occurred the normal start sequence should occur. SPEED SENSE CONTROL IGNITER PLUGS CLOSE E S DC IGNITION CONTROL SECONDARY FUEL PUMP PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP INDICATOR LIGHT SECONDARY PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH Engine Starting - Enrichment Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Enrichment Burner Manifold Pressure switch pick-off Enrichment valve
Explain the fuel path during enrichment start before 50 PSI is achieved in the fuel manifold. Enrichment burst fuel path Engine Starting - Enrichment Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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Use of Enrichment The enrichment starting procedure is only used for the second starting attempt if either an airborne or cold weather start has failed and the residual TIT is below 100oC. The enrichment starting procedure is only used for the second starting attempt if either an airborne or cold weather start has failed and the residual TIT is below 100oC. Blank Issue 1 (2 Nov 98)
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