1. Where do you find CT?

2. What are the fibers in CT? What cells hang out in CT?

3. Connective Tissue Holding it all together!

4. Connective tissue is found everywhere! Main types: 1. Connective tissue proper –  We will focus on this one most of next week! 2. Cartilage 3. Bone 4. Blood

5. Properties 1. common origin  Mesenchyme  Mesenchyme is an embryonic tissue  From the mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm 2. degrees of vascularity 3. great degree of “non-living” extracellular matrix  What do we mean non-living?

6. Connective Tissue – essential functions 1.Binds structures 2.Provides support and protection 3.Insulation 4.Transportation 5.Energy storage

7. Structural elements: 1.Ground substance (matrix) 2.Fibers 3.Cells Wide range of varying tissue! Different structures  different functions!

8. Ground Substance (matrix) Unstructured material Fills spaces/contains fibers Composed of: 1.interstitial fluid 2.cell adhesion proteins  glue like function 3.Proteoglycans  protein core (point of attachment) “GAGs” glycosaminoglycans 1.(interlock trapping water)

9. Major Cell Types: Blasts vs. Cytes Fibroblasts- cells that produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix of CT tissue Macrophages- originate as WBCs specialized cell  phagocytosis Mast Cells- release heparin  prevents blood clotting, release histamine  promotes reactions associated with inflammation and allergies.

10. Fibroblast—laying matrix

14. CONNECTIVE TISSUE-3 FIBER TYPES A. Collagenous fibers- Thick threads of protein (collagen) Grouped in long parallel bundles, they are flexible, but only slightly elastic. Great tensile strength (ligaments and tendons)

15. B. Elastic fibers- Composed of protein elastin These fibers branch, forming complex networks. weaker than collagenous fiber  however they stretch and can return back to there shape

16. Elastic Fibers

17. C. Reticular Fibers Very thin collagenous fibers Highly branched, form supporting networks (LIKE A NET)

18. Reticular Fibers

19. When it comes to CT you can have a variety of types…. Loose CT 1.areolar tissue 2.Reticular tissue 3.Adipose tissue Dense   Regular  Irregular  Cartilage types

20. I. Loose Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body Main cell  Fibroblasts separated by a gel- like matrix Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles Lies beneath epithelium

22. 2 Adipose Tissue FAT , develop when certain cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm. Beneath the skin, stored in many other locations as well. Cushions, insulates, stores energy.

24. 3 regular or irregular Dense Connective Tissue  regular or irregular Closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers and a close network of elastic fibers. Relatively few cells  most of which are fibroblasts. VERY STRONG TISSUE

27. 4 Cartilage Rigid CT  provides support, frameworks, and attachments, protects underlying tissue forms structural models for developing bone. Cartilage matrix  abundant, largely composed of colagenous fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance.

28. Cartilage  a special case SPECIAL CARTILAGE CELLS  CHONDROCYTES, occupy small chambers called lacunae

30. Cartilage structures are enclosed in a covering of CT  perichondrium (contains the blood vessels that deliver nutrients) THE INTERCELLULAR MATRIX DISTINGUISHES THE TYPE OF CARTILAGE!

32. Hyaline Cartilage *most common type *very fine collagenous fibers (looks like white glass) Location: end of bones, joints, soft part of nose, trachea

33. Elastic Cartilage Dense network of elastic fibers Much more flexible than hyaline cartilage Location: framework of ear, parts of larynx

36. Fibrocartilage Tough tissue, contains many collagenous fibers -shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure. Location: vertebrae (discs), knees, pelvic girdle.