1. By the end of today's lessons you will be able to recognize Arêtes and explain the formation of glacial troughs and hanging valleys. Key Words; Glaciated trough Truncated spur Hanging valley What’s this?

3. Formation of an arête Arêtes are ‘knife-edged’ ridges formed between two corries.

4. Pyramidal peaks are formed when three or more corries cut backwards into the same mountain. Formation of a pyramidal peak corrie tarn arête

5. Label the pyramidal peak diagram

6. 1.Glaciers flowing out corries and moving downhill follow the easiest route, in most cases this is am existing river valley. 2.However glaciers often fill much of the valley and have a much greater erosive power. 3.Therefore instead of flowing around obstacles, such as interlocking spurs the glacier is able to widen, deepen and straighten the valley. 4.The result is a U shaped cross section known as a Glacial Trough.

7. Formation of a glacial trough

8. Characteristics of a glacial trough truncated spurs hanging valley misfit stream wide and flat valley floor steep valley sides What are the characteristics of a glacial trough? Interlocking spurs are truncated as the glacier cuts straight through the landscape. Between truncated spurs are hanging valleys which have not been eroded as deeply as the main valley. The river that flows through the valley after the ice age is described as a misfit stream.

9. 1.As the glacier moves down the valley it works like a giant bulldozer. 2.It wears away anything in its path and smoothes the valley sides. 3.It removes the ends of interlocking spurs to leave steep, cliff like, Truncated Spurs. 4.Truncated Spurs are shortened or cut off ridges caused by glacial erosion.

10. 1.Hanging valleys are formed as a result of erosion in the main and tributary valleys. 2.The floor of the tributary valleys is eroded at a slower rate than that of the main valley. 3.When the ice melts the tributary valley is left hanging above the main valley. 4.The stream in the hanging valley will now fall as a waterfall into the main valley. Hanging Valley

11. Nant Ffrancon Valley, Snowdonia Produce an annotated sketch to show that this is a glaciated valley. What evidence is there to suggest that this valley has been shaped by ice?

12. Draw a before and after diagram of a glacial valley. Label the physical landforms and briefly explain their formation.