1. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
BY: Erica Wooten

2. What is the Cardiovascular System?
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. It is one of the major body systems that makes sure that the muscles and bones are supplied with the proper amount of oxygen and blood.

3. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
MAIN COMPONENTS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
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4. THE HEART www.nhlbi.nih.gov
With each heartbeat, blood is sent throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen and nutrients to every cell. The heart is the key organ in the circulatory system. As a hollow, muscular pump, its main function is to propel blood throughout the body. Its also different kind of muscle than those that move the skeleton. It has four
chambers, the two atria and the two ventricles. It is really like two pumps in one

5. BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
There are three types of vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries. The blood vessels are responsible in transporting blood throughout the body which contains the oxygen. This allows the boy to stay alive.
Blood is consisting of liquid plasma and cells. It carries oxygen oxygen to other parts of the body. The average human body contains about 4 to 5 liters of blood. As a liquid connective tissue, it transports many substances through the body and helps to maintain homeostasis of nutrients, wastes, and gases

6. Homeostasis
First, homeostasis is the deposition of living to keep on functioning at an optimum level, despite changes in the enviorment within certain limits. Or in other words, the process by which the body attempts to maintain a state of stable physiological balance. The body needs to maintain homeostasis in order to stay alive. It maintains homeostasis by carrying nutrients to your cells and removing their wastes. It also helps by carrying hormones throughout the body. Without the cardiovascular system, none of the other systems in the body can function.

7. Cellular Respiration
How do the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together? The heart is where circulation and cooperation between the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems begin. The heart has two ventricles and two atria. The right ventricle and atrium are where blood is received from the veins. Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium of the heart. When the heart muscle relaxes, the blood is released from the atrium and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pushes the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery, where the blood is delivered to the lungs for retrieval of oxygen. The blood is then returned to the left side of the heart. As on the right side, the left atrium receives the blood and sends it to the ventricle when the heart muscle relaxes. Finally, the blood is pushed to the aorta and delivered to the rest of the body.

8. THERMOREGULATION
Thermoregulation is a homeostatic function that enables you to maintain this core temperature independent of how hot or cold your surroundings are. The main organ involved is the skin, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. When your surroundings heat up, the brain triggers a series of chemicals which tell your blood vessels to dilate (widen), which brings in the cardiovascular system.

9. RELATIONS WITH OTHER SYSTEMS
Integumentary
skin cell stimulation produces local changes in blood flow
delivers immune system cells to injury; clotting seals breaks in skin; removes toxins; provides heat
Skeletal
provides calcium needed for normal heart muscle contraction; protects blood cells developing in bone marrow
provides calcium and phosphorous for bone maintenance; delivers hormones and nutrition to bone cells
Muscular
skeletal muscle contractions help move blood through veins; protects superficial blood vessels; muscles make up most of the heart organ
delivers oxygen and nutrients, removes cabon dioxide, lactic acid, and heat during muscle activity
Nervous
controls patterns of circulation; modifies heart rate and regulates blood pressure
certain cells in blood vessels maintain blood-brain barrier; helps to make cerebrospinal fluid
Endocrine
helps regulate production of red blood cells; envolved in elevating blood pressure; adrenaline stimulates cardiac muscle, elevating heart rate and contraction force
distributes hormones throughout the body; heart secretes hormone ANP
Lymphatic
defends against pathogens or toxins in blood; fights infections of cardiovascular organs; returns tissue fluid to circulation
distributes white blood cells; carries antibodies; clotting response aids in slowing spread of disease-causing germs
Respiratory
provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and other body tissues
Digestive
provides nutrients; absorbs water and ions essential to maintenance of normal blood volume
distributes digestive tract hormones; carries nutrients, water, and ions away from sites of absorption; delivers nutrients and toxins to liver
Urinary
releases hormones to elevate blood pressure and accelerate red blood cell production; removes waste products
delivers blood to capillaries where filtration occurs; accepts fluids and solutes reabsorbed during urine producton
Reproductive
estrogens may maintain healthy vessels and slow development of hardening of the arteries with age
distributes reproductive hormones; provides nutrients, oxygen, and waste removal for developing fetus

10. How does it work with rest of the body?
Transportation: The cardiovascular system transports blood to almost all of the body’s tissues. The blood delivers essential nutrients and oxygen and removes wastes and carbon dioxide to be processed or removed from the body. Hormones are transported throughout the body via the blood’s liquid plasma.
Protection: The cardiovascular system protects the body through its white blood cells. White blood cells clean up cellular debris and fight pathogens that have entered the body. Platelets and red blood cells form scabs to seal wounds and prevent pathogens from entering the body and liquids from leaking out. Blood also carries antibodies that provide specific immunity to pathogens that the body has previously been exposed to or has been vaccinated against.
Regulation: The cardiovascular system is instrumental in the body’s ability to maintain homeostatic control of several internal conditions. Blood vessels help maintain a stable body temperature by controlling the blood flow to the surface of the skin. Blood vessels near the skin’s surface open during times of overheating to allow hot blood to dump its heat into the body’s surroundings. In the case of hypothermia, these blood vessels constrict to keep blood flowing only to vital organs in the body’s core. Blood also helps balance the body’s pH due to the presence of bicarbonate ions, which act as a buffer solution. Finally, the albumins in blood plasma help to balance the osmotic concentration of the body’s cells by maintaining an isotonic environment.