1. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up 4 th Nine Weeks Bell Ringers #5 & 6 (29 & 30 Apr) 5.) What was President Carter’s successful diplomacy that brought temporary peace to the Middle East called? a.) Suez Canal Crisis b.) Potsdam Treaty c.) Camp David Accords d.) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 6.) What political event that began in 1979 contributed to Carter’s defeat in the 1980 presidential election? a.) Sharpsville Massacre b.) Iran-Contra Affair c.) Suez Canal Crisis d.) Iran-Hostage Crisis CORRECT ANSWER: C CORRECT ANSWER: D

2. Unit 13 (Ch. 33 & 34) Notes: The 1980s - Present U.S. History & The Constitution

3. Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator Standard USHC-8: The student will demonstrate an understanding of social, economic & political issues in contemporary America. USHC-8.5: Summarize key political & economic issues of the last 25 years, including continuing dependence on foreign oil; trade agreements & globalization; health & education reforms; increases in economic disparity & recession; tax policy; the national surplus, debt, & deficits; immigration; presidential resignation/impeachment; & the elections of 2000 & 2008. USHC-8.6: Summarize America’s role in the changing world, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the expansion of the European Union, the continuing crisis in the Middle East, & the rise of global terrorism.

4. Ch. 33: The Conservative Tide - “Challenges” to the nation’s moral fiber in the 70s-80s led to the founding of religious organizations that supported conservative positions on political, social & moral issues. - Supreme Court rulings = outlawed prayer in school & allowing abortion. - Civil & women’s rights movement. - Sexual revolution - Fundamentalist televangelists founded churches & educational institutions & used the power of television to raise money to support them. Benny Hinn Jerry Falwell

5. Ch. 33: The Conservative Tide - Conservative political organizations: Moral Majority & the Christian Coalition supported ‘moral’ candidates, such as Ronald Reagan. - He opposed abortion, took ‘pro-family’ positions & opposed the increasing role of the welfare state.

6. Ch. 33: The Conservative Tide - End of Cold War = result of changes within the Soviet Union as well as the strain of the arms race on the Soviet economy. - 1985: Mikhail Gorbachev = leader of USSR he advocated glasnost (openness) & perestroika (economic restructuring). - Fall of Berlin Wall (1989) = marked Cold War’s end. - U.S. became the world’s only superpower. - U.S. had responsibility for maintaining world peace in the face of regional conflicts, but also aroused resentment.

7. - U.S. influenced the Middle East = vast oil resources & U.S. dependence on it. - 1990: Pres. George H.W. Bush led the world against Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. - 1 st Persian Gulf War (1991): U.S. led coalition = quick military victory that restored Kuwait’s independence. Ch. 34: The 1990s & the New Millennium

8. The Middle East

9. - U.S. withdrawal from Iraq did not alter the Middle East’s balance of power. - U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia angered religious fanatics. - Fanatics joined religious fundamentalists groups, (i.e. Taliban = drove Soviets from Afghanistan) & formed terrorist groups (i.e. al Qaeda). Ch. 34: The 1990s & the New Millennium

10. - Clinton administration: continued to support Israel & working diplomatically to resolve the Middle East’s problems - Occupied territories & rights of the Palestinian people. - Some initial success until hardliners in Israel & in the PLO gained power & negotiations stalled. Yasir Arafat President of the PNA (1996-2004) Bill Clinton 42 nd President

11. - U.S. continued to monitor & control Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq, the Taliban in Afghanistan & a growing terrorism. - Attacks: World Trade Center (1993), USS Cole, & U.S. embassies in Africa signaled the rise of global terrorism. Ch. 34: The 1990s & the New Millennium

12. - 9/11/01: al Qaeda attacks = World Trade Center (NYC) & Pentagon (Wash D.C.) - 3 rd attack, Flight 93, was stopped by passengers = crashed in PA. - U.S. invaded Afghanistan, & overthrew the Taliban government. - May 2011 = U.S. eliminated al Qaeda’s leader, Osama bin Laden. Ch. 34: The 1990s & the New Millennium

13. - George W. Bush’s administration believed that Saddam Hussein (Iraq) had weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). - 2003 Iraq invasion (U.S., Great Britain & a others) = overthrew Hussein & brought democracy to that country. - No WMDs were found. - Saddam Hussein was captured, tried for crimes against humanity & executed. Ch. 34: The 1990s & the New Millennium

14. - U.S. intervention = overthrew Hussein’s Sunni-dominated gov’t & election of a new more democratic government. - Did not result in peace. - Militias attacked U.S. forces until our withdrawal from Iraq (Dec 2011). - Middle East continues to be in turmoil. Ch. 34: The 1990s & the New Millennium

15. Economics of the 90s & 00s.

16. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - 1980s: yearly budget deficits accumulated the national debt. - Budget deficits & recession = campaign issues in the early 1990s.

17. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - Clinton administration = passed deficit reduction plan: 1.) tax increase 2.) spending cuts 3.) the establishment of the earned income tax credit. - Welfare reform legislation reversed decades of policy dating back to the New Deal. - Health care reform did not Pass until the “Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act” (aka “Obamacare”) was passed (March 2010).

18. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - Clinton & Republican Congress fought over how to balance the budget & stimulate the economy. - Federal Reserve = kept inflation in check & stimulated the economy by managing interest rates. - Resulted in economic growth = low unemployment; but the gap between rich & poor (income polarization) continued to widen. - Nation’s debt lessened as the world experienced the end of the Cold War & the ‘peace dividend.’

19. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - George W. Bush administration: tax cuts for the wealthy to stimulate the economy = further increased economic disparity. - Involvement in Afghanistan & Iraq = defense spending climbed = U.S. experienced deficit spending & escalating debt. - 1990s = European Union (E.U.) founded to provide political cooperation, promote trade, & the develop Europe’s economy (common currency).

20. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) attempted to increase trade by eliminating trade barriers (political controversy over economic impact). - 1994: GATT (General Agreement of Tariffs & Trades) lowered tariffs around the world to increase trade = U.S. industries experienced greater competition. - Some jobs were created by NAFTA, but others were lost. - Outsourcing resulted in economic hardship for some U.S. workers. - Mechanization & globalization = loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs & a shift to jobs in service industries. - Influx of immigrants increased problem = willing to work menial jobs for low wages.

21. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - Labor unions: membership decline & loss of influence = workers faced overseas competition, new immigrants, & manufacturing mechanization. - Demographic changes affected the economy. - Industries & retirees moved from the “rustbelt” to the “sunbelt”. - Big population shift impacted influence of labor unions as well as national politics = move to “right to work” states.

22. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - Medical advances prolonged productivity & life for Americans = added to Social Security’s burden. - Growing need for services = day care for children & elderly care. - “Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act” (aka “Obamacare”) was passed by Democratic congress & Pres. Obama (March 2010).

23. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World - 90s = growth in computer, internet, e-mail, texting, & cell phone use. - Brought changes to society, privacy laws, & communication networks in the U.S. & around the world. - Increased globalization raised concerns about our education system. - “No Child Left Behind” (George W. Bush) = federal law. - Prepared students to compete in a global marketplace. - Mandated state academic ability tests.

24. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World 2000 & 2004 Elections (George W. Bush) - Post 9/11 wars = increased defense spending. - U.S. = deficit spending & increased debt. - 2008 = Housing Bubble Burst = deficit spending to stop decline. - 1 st Stimulus Package (bank bailout). - Unemployment = 10%. - Tax revenues fell & deficit grew = “Great Recession”.

25. Ch. 34: The United States in Today’s World 2008 & 2012 Elections (Barrack Obama) - Passed 2 nd Stimulus Package to “jump start” the economy. - Liberals & Conservatives still seem unable to find economic compromise. Middle East Dealings - Arab Spring (2011) - U.S provided diplomatic support for more democratic institutions. - Gave air support to the Libyan pro-democracy forces. - Continued presence in Afghanistan & Iraq. - Continues to mediate issue of the Palestinian State. - Dealing with Iran’s nuclear threat.