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Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
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Gonads
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3. Endocrine System
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Although we rarely think about the endocrine system, it influences almost every cell, organ, and function of our bodies. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes.

4. Endocrine System
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Although we rarely think about the endocrine system, it influences almost every cell, organ, and function of our bodies. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes. In general, the endocrine system is in charge of body processes that happen slowly, such as cell growth. Faster processes like breathing and body movement are controlled by the nervous system. But even though the nervous system and endocrine system are separate systems, they often work together to help the body function properly.

5. Hormones
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The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. As the body's chemical messengers, hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. Many different hormones move through the bloodstream, but each type of hormone is designed to affect only certain cells.

6. Hormones
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The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. As the body's chemical messengers, hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. Many different hormones move through the bloodstream, but each type of hormone is designed to affect only certain cells. A gland is a group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, hormones. A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body.

7. Ovaries (female gonad)
The Major Glands
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Hypothalamus A
The diagrams includes the major glands that make up the human endocrine system. Click on each to reveal their names. Which statement is true?
Pituitary gland B
Thyroid gland C
Thymus gland D
Click after revealing the names
Adrenal glands E
Pancreas F
No. G
Ovaries (female gonad)
Hormones create glands.
Glands create hormones.
Correct.
Testes (male gonad) H

8. Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus, a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain, is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems.

9. Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus, a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain, is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary. The hypothalamus aids to controls growth, reproduction, body temperature.

10. Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. When you are cold it helps to release hormones to cause you to shiver.
The hypothalamus, a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain, is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary. The hypothalamus aids to controls growth, reproduction, body temperature.

11. Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. When you are warm it helps to release hormones to cause you to sweat.
The hypothalamus, a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain, is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary. The hypothalamus aids to controls growth, reproduction, body temperature.

12. Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus also tells the pituitary gland to release growth hormones.
The hypothalamus, a collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower central part of the brain, is the main link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary. The hypothalamus aids to controls growth, reproduction, body temperature.

13. Pituitary Gland
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Although it is no bigger than a pea, the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other glands.

14. Hey squirt. How’s the weather down there?
Pituitary Gland
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Hey squirt. How’s the weather down there?
Although it is no bigger than a pea, the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other glands. One hormone called growth hormone, stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues.
Don’t worry. My pituitary gland will allow me to catch up to your height soon.

15. Pituitary Gland
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Although it is no bigger than a pea, the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other glands. One hormone called growth hormone, stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues. The pituitary also secretes endorphins, chemicals that act on the nervous system and reduce feelings of pain. Endorphins can block pain in near death moments to allow you to escape to safety.

16. Pituitary Gland
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Although it is no bigger than a pea, the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain just beneath the hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other glands. One hormone called growth hormone, stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues. The pituitary also secretes endorphins, chemicals that act on the nervous system and reduce feelings of pain. Endorphins can block pain in near death moments to allow you to escape to safety.

17. Quick Stop #1
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The organs of the endocrine system are called _________________________. ________________________ are chemicals released by the organs of the endocrine system. Which gland controls our body temperature? __________________________
CORRECT NO NO
glands
hormones
endorphins NO
CORRECT
Glands
Hormones NO
CORRECT
pituitary
hypothalamus

18. Thyroid Gland
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The thyroid, located in the front part of the lower neck, is shaped like a bow tie or butterfly and produces hormones to control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy.

19. Thyroid Gland
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The thyroid, located in the front part of the lower neck, is shaped like a bow tie or butterfly and produces hormones to control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy. Why are thyroid hormones so important? There are several reasons — for example, they help kids' and teens' bones grow and develop, and they also play a role in the development of the brain and nervous system in kids.
The thyroid sends hormones to help develop your brain.
hormone

20. Thymus Gland
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The thymus is found in your chest, between your breast bone and your heart. It is responsible for producing T-cells, and is especially important in newborn babies - without a thymus a baby's immune system collapses and the baby will die.

21. Thymus Gland
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The thymus is found in your chest, between your breast bone and your heart. It is responsible for producing T-cells, and is especially important in newborn babies - without a thymus a baby's immune system collapses and the baby will die.
The thymus seems to be much less important in adults - for example, you can remove it and an adult will live because other parts of the immune system can handle the load. However, the thymus is important, especially to T cell maturation.
T cells are a type of lymphocyte that help to destroy infected cells

22. Adrenal Glands
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The body also has two triangular adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney.

23. Adrenal Glands
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The body also has two triangular adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which produces a set of hormones and has a different function:

24. Adrenal Glands
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The body also has two triangular adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which produces a set of hormones and has a different function: The outer part produces hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function.

25. Adrenal Glands
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The body also has two triangular adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which produces a set of hormones and has a different function: The outer part produces hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function. The inner part produces epinephrine. Also called adrenaline, epinephrine increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress.
stress

26. Quick Stop #2 Which gland is pictured to the left?
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Which gland is pictured to the left?
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
CORRECT No No
Which gland is attached to your kidneys?
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenal No No
CORRECT
Your thymus helps T cells grow. Which body system are T cells a part of?
Endocrine
Nervous
Immune No No
CORRECT

27. Pancreas
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The pancreas is also part of the body's hormone-secreting system, even though it is also associated with the digestive system because it produces and secretes digestive enzymes.

28. Pancreas
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The pancreas is also part of the body's hormone-secreting system, even though it is also associated with the digestive system because it produces and secretes digestive enzymes. The pancreas produces (in addition to others) two important hormones, insulin and glucagon. They work together to maintain a steady level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood and to keep the body supplied with fuel to produce and maintain stores of energy.
insulin
insulin
insulin
insulin
Insulin is released when blood sugar is too high.

29. Pancreas
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The pancreas is also part of the body's hormone-secreting system, even though it is also associated with the digestive system because it produces and secretes digestive enzymes. The pancreas produces (in addition to others) two important hormones, insulin and glucagon. They work together to maintain a steady level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood and to keep the body supplied with fuel to produce and maintain stores of energy.
glucagon
glucagon
glucagon
glucagon
Glucagon is released when blood sugar is too low.

30. The Gonads
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The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads.

31. The Gonads
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The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes, are located in the protective pouch called the scrotum. The testes secrete hormones, the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes.

32. The Gonads
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Some effects of testosterone on the male body…
facial hair growth
The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes, are located in the scrotum. They secrete hormones, the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes.

33. The Gonads
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Some effects of testosterone on the male body…
Increased muscle mass
The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes, are located in the scrotum. They secrete hormones, the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes.

34. The Gonads
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Some effects of testosterone on the male body…
Development of sperm cells
The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes, are located in the scrotum. They secrete hormones, the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes.

35. The Gonads
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Some effects of testosterone on the male body…
Aggression
The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes, are located in the scrotum. They secrete hormones, the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes.

36. The Gonads
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Some effects of testosterone on the male body…
Increased sex drive
The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads, or testes, are located in the scrotum. They secrete hormones, the most important of which is testosterone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair. Testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to produce sperm in the testes.

37. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

38. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt.
Some effects of estrogen….
Growth spurt

39. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt.
Some effects of estrogen….
Breast growth

40. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt.
Some effects of estrogen….
Hips widen to help ease child birth

41. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt.
Some effects of estrogen….
Bone density increases

42. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt.
Some effects of estrogen….
Increased sex drive

43. The Gonads
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A girl's gonads, the ovaries, are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved when a girl begins to go through puberty. During puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and thighs, and will have a growth spurt. Estrogen and progesterone are also involved in the regulation of a girl's menstrual cycle. These hormones also play a role in pregnancy.

44. What Does the Endocrine System Do?
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Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the gland that produced it through the bloodstream to the cells designed to receive its message. These cells are called target cells. The target cells will then absorb the hormone and create various proteins needed by the body.

45. What Does the Endocrine System Do?
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Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the gland that produced it through the bloodstream to the cells designed to receive its message. These cells are called target cells. The target cells will then absorb the hormone and create various proteins needed by the body. Too much or too little of any hormone can be harmful to your body. For example, if the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a teen may grow excessively tall. If it produces too little, a teen may be unusually short. Doctors can often treat problems with the endocrine system by controlling the production of hormones or replacing certain hormones with medication.

46. What Does the Endocrine System Do?
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Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the gland that produced it through the bloodstream to the cells designed to receive its message. These cells are called target cells. The target cells will then absorb the hormone and create various proteins needed by the body. Too much or too little of any hormone can be harmful to your body. For example, if the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a teen may grow excessively tall. If it produces too little, a teen may be unusually short. Doctors can often treat problems with the endocrine system by controlling the production of hormones or replacing certain hormones with medication.
Professional wrestler “Andre the Giant” was 7’4” and weighed 520 pounds.

47. Endocrine Problems
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Type 1 diabetes. When the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, type 1 diabetes occurs. In kids and teens, type 1 diabetes is usually an autoimmune disorder, which means that some parts of the body's immune system attack and destroy the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. To control their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing diabetes problems, kids and teens with this condition need regular injections of insulin.

48. Endocrine Problems
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Type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, in which the body can't produce normal amounts of insulin, in type 2 diabetes the body can't respond to insulin normally. Kids and teens with the condition tend to be overweight. Some kids and teens can control their blood sugar level with dietary changes, exercise, and oral medications, but many will need to take insulin injections like people with type 1 diabetes.

49. 1) What do glands release?
Review Quiz
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1) What do glands release?
Platelets
Platelets
Hormones (click to advance)
Hormones
Antigens
Antigens
Endocrine systems
Endocrine systems
Antibodies
Antibodies
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

50. Target cells (click to advance)
Review Quiz
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2) Hormones travel around the body and will eventually attach to which type of cell?
Identify cells
Identify cells
Locator cells
Locator cells
Target cells (click to advance)
Target cells
Indicator cells
Indicator cells
Director cells
Director cells
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

51. 3) How do hormones travel from one part of the body to another?
Review Quiz
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3) How do hormones travel from one part of the body to another?
They move through cells as an action potential
They move through cells as an action potential
They are created by glands
They are created by glands
They pass from one synapse to another
They pass from one synapse to another
They move with the help of cilia and flagella
They move with the help of cilia and flagella
They travel through your blood (click to advance)
They travel through your blood
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

52. 4) Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?
Review Quiz
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4) Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?
Thymus
Thymus
Thyroid
Thyroid
Pancreas
Pancreas
Adrenals
(click to advance)
Adrenals
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct
Gonads
Gonads

53. 5) Which gland is shown in the picture?
Review Quiz
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5) Which gland is shown in the picture?
Thymus
(click to advance)
Thymus
Thyroid
Thyroid
Pancreas
Pancreas
Adrenals
Adrenals
Gonads
Gonads
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

54. 6) Which gland can be found next to the hypothalamus?
Review Quiz
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6) Which gland can be found next to the hypothalamus?
Thymus
Thymus
Thyroid
Thyroid
Pituitary
(click to advance)
Pituitary
Adrenals
Adrenals
Gonads
Gonads
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

55. 7) Which letter represents the hypothalamus?
Review Quiz
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home E A
correct
7) Which letter represents the hypothalamus? D B F G H C I

56. 8) Which letter represents the pancreas?
Review Quiz
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8) Which letter represents the pancreas? D B F G H
correct C I

57. Review Quiz
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9) Which gland helps to control the level of sugar within the blood? D B F G H
correct C I

58. Review Quiz 10) White blood cells mature inside which gland? E A D B F
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10) White blood cells mature inside which gland? D B
correct F G H C I

59. 11) Which gland acts as your thermostat?
Review Quiz
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11) Which gland acts as your thermostat?
Thymus
Thymus
Thyroid
Thyroid
Pituitary
Pituitary
Adrenals
Adrenals
Hypothalamus
(click to advance)
Hypothalamus
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

60. Review Quiz
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12) Which gland is responsible for the development of breast tissue and the menstrual cycle? D B F G H C
correct I

61. Review Quiz
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13) Which hormone increases your blood pressure and creates a sense of alertness?
Testosterone
Testosterone
Insulin
Insulin
Progesterone
Progesterone
Epinephrine
(click to advance)
Epinephrine
Estrogen
Estrogen
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

62. Review Quiz
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14) Which hormone is released when glucose becomes too low in the blood?
Adrenalin
Adrenalin
Estrogen
Estrogen
Testosterone
Testosterone
Glucagon
(click to advance)
Glucagon
Insulin
Insulin
Answer Key:
Red = Wrong
Green = Correct

63. Turn in your worksheet when finished.
The End
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Turn in your worksheet when finished.