1. By Stephanie Reese

2.  LEACH stands for Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy  This WSN is considered to be a dynamic clustering method  LEACH has two phases

3.  The reason we need network protocol such as LEACH is due to the fact that a node in the network is no longer useful when its battery dies  This protocol allows us to space out the lifespan of the nodes, allowing it to do only the minimum work it needs to transmit data

4.  The LEACH Network is made up of nodes, some of which are called cluster-heads  The job of the cluster-head is to collect data from their surrounding nodes and pass it on to the base station  LEACH is dynamic because the job of cluster-head rotates

5.  The amount of energy used in figure (a) can be modeled by this formula:   amp k(3d 1 + d 2 ) 2  Whereas the amount of energy used in figure (b) uses this formula:   amp k(3d 1 2 + d 2 2 )

6.  This is the formula for the amount of energy depletion by data transfer:

7.  The LEACH network has two phases: the set- up phase and the steady-state  The Set-Up Phase ▪ Where cluster-heads are chosen  The Steady-State ▪ The cluster-head is maintained ▪ When data is transmitted between nodes

8.  Cluster-heads can be chosen stochastically (randomly based) on this algorithm:  If n < T(n), then that node becomes a cluster- head  The algorithm is designed so that each node becomes a cluster-head at least once

9.  A modified version of this protocol is known as LEACH-C (or LEACH Centralized)  This version has a deterministic threshold algorithm, which takes into account the amount of energy in the node…

10.  …and/or whether or not the node was recently a cluster-head

11.  REMEMBER: The goal of these protocol is to increase the life of the network  The changes between the LEACH stochastic algorithm and the LEACH-C deterministic algorithm alone is proven to increase the FND (First Node Dies) lifetime by 30% and the HND (Half Node Dies) lifetime by 20%

12.  While neither of these diagrams is the optimum scenario, the second is better because the cluster- heads are spaced out and the network is more properly sectioned

13.  “Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy with Deterministic Cluster-Head Selection”; M.J. Handy, M. Haas, D. Timmermann; 2002; http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/se/IEEE_MWCN2 002.pdf http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/se/IEEE_MWCN2 002.pdf  “Probabilistic Modeling of Leach Protocol and Computing Sensor Energy Consumption Rate in Sensor Networks”; Song, Dezhen; February 22, 2005; http://www.cs.tamu.edu/academics/tr/tamu-cs- tr-2005-2-2 http://www.cs.tamu.edu/academics/tr/tamu-cs- tr-2005-2-2