1. Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Reduce Stormwater Runoff www.lsuagcenter.com/lyn

2. Reduce Stormwater Runoff Stormwater runoff –Definition –Problems –Solutions Stormwater runoff –Definition –Problems –Solutions Best Management Practices (BMPs) –Prevent runoff –Vegetative cover Alternatives Groundcovers –Reduce pollutants –Fertilizer –Pesticides

3. Hydrologic Cycle Water on earth is constantly recycled Components of water cycle: –Soil Infiltration –Evaporation –Transpiration - the process by which plants release water into the atmosphere –Surface and channel storage –Groundwater storage Water on earth is constantly recycled Components of water cycle: –Soil Infiltration –Evaporation –Transpiration - the process by which plants release water into the atmosphere –Surface and channel storage –Groundwater storage

4. The soil matrix filters and somewhat detoxifies impurities from water as it travels through the ground.

5. Urbanization Intensity of land use Amount of impervious surfaces Water quality degradation Intensity of land use Amount of impervious surfaces Water quality degradation

6. Nonpoint source pollution Sources of pollution that cannot be pinpointed to any single cause. Usually associated with trash, car oil, chemical lawn products and other residues that are easily carried away by flowing water.

7. Stormwater Runoff - Rainwater that flows off yards, roads and parking lots, carrying pollutants into our waterways.

8. According to the EPA, polluted runoff is the #1 water quality issue in Louisiana Nutrients Toxins Sediments Thermal Stress Debris Pathogens Nutrients Toxins Sediments Thermal Stress Debris Pathogens Photo courtesy of NEMO

9. Stormwater Contaminants Metals zinc, cadmium, copper, chromium, arsenic, lead Organic chemicalspesticides, oil, gasoline, grease Pathogenviruses, bacteria, protozoa Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) grass clippings, fallen leaves, human and animal waste Sedimentsand, silt and other particles Saltssodium chloride, calcium chloride Nutrientsnitrogen, phosphorus

10. The Problem Increased volume of surface runoff Increased velocity of surface runoff Concentration of pollutants in runoff Increased volume of surface runoff Increased velocity of surface runoff Concentration of pollutants in runoff Erosion Sedimentation Erosion Sedimentation Flooding Lowered water quality Flooding Lowered water quality

11. Elevated nutrients can cause: –Polluted drinking water –Excessive aquatic plant growth –Lower dissolved oxygen levels –Fish kills Elevated nutrients can cause: –Polluted drinking water –Excessive aquatic plant growth –Lower dissolved oxygen levels –Fish kills

12. The Solution Use practices or methods to prevent, reduce, retard or remove stormwater runoff contaminants before reaching receiving waters. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are a series of direct recommendations based on research, evaluation and educated assumptions. Use practices or methods to prevent, reduce, retard or remove stormwater runoff contaminants before reaching receiving waters. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are a series of direct recommendations based on research, evaluation and educated assumptions.

13. Be Louisiana Friendly Regardless of the type of property you own, you can help preserve Louisiana’s natural resources by: 1) Preventing runoff 2) Increasing vegetative cover 3) Reducing pollutants Regardless of the type of property you own, you can help preserve Louisiana’s natural resources by: 1) Preventing runoff 2) Increasing vegetative cover 3) Reducing pollutants

14. Keep rain and irrigation water on your property and out of storm drains. Prevent Runoff

15. Factors Affecting Stormwater Runoff: Rainfall intensity, flow rate, season % impervious surfaces Watershed size, slope Soil type, soil compaction Type of vegetation Density of vegetation Rainfall intensity, flow rate, season % impervious surfaces Watershed size, slope Soil type, soil compaction Type of vegetation Density of vegetation Within our control Not within our control

16. Minimize Runoff by Using Pervious Surfaces… for walkways, patios and driveways

17. Direct Downspouts and Gutters Toward Porous Areas If downspouts drain to planted areas, be sure to select plants adapted to periodic flooding.

18. Collect Rain Water Use a rain barrel or a cistern to collect and store runoff for irrigation purposes.

19. Cistern

21. Water during early morning hours. –Plants are already wet. –Less evaporation losses. Water less frequently in cooler months. Water “as needed,” not routinely. Do not irrigate if rain is expected. Water during early morning hours. –Plants are already wet. –Less evaporation losses. Water less frequently in cooler months. Water “as needed,” not routinely. Do not irrigate if rain is expected. Plan Irrigation Schedules According to the Weather

22. Earth Shaping If your property is sloped, you may want to make minor grade changes to divert runoff. This can be accomplished with terraces. Terracing can be an attractive design element in your yard.

23. Berms and Swales Creating swales (low areas) and berms (raised earthen areas) will help to catch, hold and filter storm water. Elevations and depressions as small as 3-6 inches can make a huge difference. Creating swales (low areas) and berms (raised earthen areas) will help to catch, hold and filter storm water. Elevations and depressions as small as 3-6 inches can make a huge difference.

24. Vegetative Cover Planting groundcovers on slopes is an excellent way to: Catch and filter storm water. Slow the velocity of water movement. Reduce erosion. Planting groundcovers on slopes is an excellent way to: Catch and filter storm water. Slow the velocity of water movement. Reduce erosion. Turf grass is a versatile groundcover that is effective at filtering nutrients.

25. Attractive Insulates the soil Acts as a living mulch that helps build up humus levels in the soil Provides habitat and cover for beneficial insects and other predators Attractive Insulates the soil Acts as a living mulch that helps build up humus levels in the soil Provides habitat and cover for beneficial insects and other predators Covering the Ground With a Carpet of Vegetation Has Other Advantages Blanketflower Gaillardia pulchella

26. Disadvantages If the ground cover is too vigorous, it may require containment. It can compete with other plants for water and nutrients. If the ground cover is too vigorous, it may require containment. It can compete with other plants for water and nutrients. The following factors should also be taken into account, when choosing the right plant for the right place… Sweet potato Ipomea batatas ‘Margarita’ Sweet potato Ipomea batatas ‘Margarita’

27. Select Plants Based on Site Conditions Acid, alkaline - (test your soil’s pH) Dry, moist Full sun, shade Heat, cold Salt Space Obstructions Acid, alkaline - (test your soil’s pH) Dry, moist Full sun, shade Heat, cold Salt Space Obstructions Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus ‘Diva’

28. Alternative Groundcovers For Shaded Areas Lilyturf Liriope muscari (USDA Zone 6-11) Periwinkle Vinca major (USDA Zone 8-11) Cast Iron Plant Aspidistra elatior (USDA Zone 8-11)

29. Beach Sunflower Helianthus debilis (USDA Zone 8B-11) Alternative Groundcovers Clover Trifolium repens (USDA Zone 5-11) Perennial Peanut Arachis glabrata (USDA Zone 8-11)

30. Alternative Groundcovers Junipers (USDA Zone 8-11) Juniperus spp. For Sunny Areas Asiatic Jasmine (USDA Zone 8-11) Trachelospermum asiaticum

31. Tree Canopy Incorporate trees in the landscape –Intercept rainfall –Reduce soil compaction, thus improving water infiltration into soil Incorporate trees in the landscape –Intercept rainfall –Reduce soil compaction, thus improving water infiltration into soil –Increase the property value –Energy efficient way to cool the home –Increase the property value –Energy efficient way to cool the home

32. Reduce Pollutants

33. Sweep grass and soil back onto lawns. Sweep up any fertilizer on impervious surfaces. Remove trash. Clean up oil spills and leaks with cat litter. Pick up after pets. Sweep grass and soil back onto lawns. Sweep up any fertilizer on impervious surfaces. Remove trash. Clean up oil spills and leaks with cat litter. Pick up after pets. Because water can wash off our yards, it is important to reduce the amount of pollutants on our property.

34. It is unrealistic, even unwise, to strive for an insect, disease and weed-free yard. Instead: Learn to identify key pests associated with the plants in your yard. Check plants regularly for signs of pest problems. Determine what amount of damage warrants action. Learn to identify key pests associated with the plants in your yard. Check plants regularly for signs of pest problems. Determine what amount of damage warrants action.

35. Manage Yard Pests Responsibly Avoid routine applications of pesticides. Choose the least harmful method of control. Treat only affected area rather than spraying the entire yard. Avoid routine applications of pesticides. Choose the least harmful method of control. Treat only affected area rather than spraying the entire yard.

36. Fertilize Appropriately Follow printed instructions carefully! Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides before a heavy rainstorm. Follow printed instructions carefully! Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides before a heavy rainstorm. If applied improperly, excess fertilizers can run off our yards into waterways or leach into groundwater.

37. Louisiana Yards and Neighborhoods Reduce Stormwater Runoff www.lsuagcenter.com/lyn