1. Restoration, Reclamation, & Reintroduction BIOL 4160

2. Presentation Info Symposium-style 10-12 minute presentation with 3 min Q&A afterward Focus is on your review paper, with (suggested) increased emphasis on global patterns Marking scheme posted on website Showcase all your hard work on your independent paper!

3. Seminars March 22 – Undergrad March 29 – TRU Closed April 5 – Build Native Plant Garden *permission has been granted to dig outside!

5. Approaches Re-creation or restoration of habitat Ex situ conservation in zoos, aquaria, seed banks, cryobanks, etc. Captive breeding for reintroduction All measures of last resort

6. Ecological restoration: practice of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed -Building habitat for endangered species -Restore a dwindling community type -Revitalize ecosystem services -Reestablish site topography, hydrology, and soils

7. Restoration ecology Can trace its roots to Japan in 800 A.D. – 1600 A.D. -Loss of forest had led to erosion, lowland flooding, low crop yields -Leaders urged citizens to plant tree seedlings, eventually leading to nationwide forest restoration and management Diamond 2005

8. Different damage, different intervention Mining Operation Bare rock, toxic levels of heavy metals Logging Still have mature trees and a rich seed bank on productive soil

9. Remediation: active removal of pollutants from the environment Bioremediation: Use of plants and bacteria to accumulate heavy metals and toxins to restore soil health

10. Remediation: sulfur dioxide

11. Mordor?

12. Smelting Operations

13. Remediation: sulfur dioxide Vast area of mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest destroyed by sulfur dioxide emissions from a smelting facility nearby Emissions killed vegetation, lowered soil pH, and altered soil composition

14. 1) Applied ground limestone Elevate soil pH Birch, aspen, and willow re-established 2) Manually planted conifers Eventual establishment of conifers

15. Replanting is generally effective, but what should we be planting?

16. What to plant? Fast-growing invasives? o Pollution tolerant, good soil stabilizers, fast restoration Native plant species o Restore original community Seeds derived from local plant communities o Local adaptation

20. Fitness (survival x flower production) negatively related to genetic distance between source and resident populations

21. Fitness (survival x size) decreased with both genetic and environmental distance

22. Recovery through eradication

25. Leach’s Storm Petrel - extirpated Tufted Puffin – one site Fork-tailed storm petrel– extirpated Rhinocerous auklet– extirpated Cassin’s auklet– extirpated Ancient murrelet – massive decline

26. Rat eradication 1)Planning and environmental review 2)Lucy Island pilot project 3)Main eradication campaign in 1995 4)Follow-up and monitoring

27. Placement of bait stations across the island

28. Effects on non-target species Loss of ravens through secondary poisoning Loss of ravens through primary poisoning Brodifacoum residue detected in crows, song sparrows, bald eagles, but no population declines

29. Effects on rats Rats took a total of 14,500 baits Baits placed out in July 1995, by August 1995 no rats caught in snap traps, only activity seen near camps Few cases of rats found in 1995, but by summer 1996, no evidence of rats.