1. Cancer

2. What is cancer??
Cancer is a word used to describe many diseases, all of which are characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells.
These cells are abnormal and do not behave or function like normal cells. Normal cells grow and multiply in a controlled way to replace old or dead cells. Cancer cells grow and multiply uncontrollably. They continue growing and dividing regardless of whether or not new cells are needed.

3. Cont.
This uncontrolled growth of cancer cells results in the formation of malignant tumors. These tumors can grow slowly or rapidly. The tumors can invade and spread to other tissues and organs in our bodies, destroying normal cells along the way. When cancer spreads it is called metastasis.
Cancer develops when a cell becomes abnormal. What causes the cell to become abnormal is often not understood. Many factors have been found to be cancer-causing. They include tobacco products, exposure to some chemicals, and excessive exposure to sunlight. You cannot catch cancer from another person.

5. Two categories
When the abnormal cells start to divide and multiply, a mass develops. This mass is called a tumor.
Tumors can either be benign or malignant.
Benign?
Malignant?

6. Types of cancer- vocab
There are more than a 150( numbers vary according to categorization) different types of cancer. They are usually named for the body tissue from which the cancer cell was developed.
Ninety percent of cancers develop because complex interactions between our bodies, lifestyles, genetic make up, and lifestyle.
These different types usually fit into these categories
Sarcoma
Carcinoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Central nervous system cancers

7. In the U.S., according to the National Cancer Institute in 2010, the most common cancers
Cancer type Estimated new cases Estimated deaths
Bladder 70, ,680
Breast (female-male) 207,090-1, ,
Colon and rectal , ,370
Endometrial 43, ,950
Kidney (renal cell) 53, ,997
Leukemia 43, ,840
Lung (including bronchus) 222, ,300
Melanoma 68, ,700
Non-Hodgkin 65, ,210
Pancreatic 43, ,800
Prostate , ,050
Thyroid 44, ,690

8. Prevelance Men: Prostate, lung, and colorectal
Women: Breast, colorectal, and lung
Children: Leukemia, brain tumors, and lymphoma

9. Stats
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It accounted for 7.4 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2004 (statistics published in 2009).
Lung, stomach, liver, colon, and breast cancer cause the most cancer deaths each year.
Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 12 million deaths in 2030.

10. Most common cancer risks
Genetic predisposition
Estrogen exposure
Ionizing radiation
pathogens
Ultraviolet radiation
Carcinogenic chemicals
Tobacco smoke
Carcinogens in foods
alcohol
Unhealthy diet
Free radicals

11. Carcinogens What is a carcinogen?
Carcinogen foods??
1. Any charred food - from burnt popcorn - to burnt toast, is highly carcinogenic. 2. Meat in general (in terms of the fats associated) is carcinogenic, especially overcooked meat. 3. Sugar is carcinogenic - whether white or brown. Instead of sugar, substitute honey 4. Stomach cancer is associated with high salt intake, with spicy foods and smoked food 5. Sodas are carcinogenic for a variety of reasons beyond their high sugar content and harmful additives. Sodas have also been proved to leach the minerals - principally calcium - that are temporarily gained through other healthier foods 6. Trans fats found in fries and snack chips are carcinogenic 7. Artificial sweeteners, particularly aspartame, are carcingogenic 8. Excessive alcohol intake is toxic 9. Foods cooked at high temperatures usually contain acrylamide.

12. Myths on Carcinogens

13. Stages of Cancer Site of the primary tumor
Tumor size and number of tumors
Lymph node involvement (spread of cancer into lymph nodes)
Cell type and tumor grade* (how closely the cancer cells resemble normal tissue cells)
The presence or absence of metastasis

14. Variations of staging: some cancer registries use surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program
In situ: Abnormal cells are present only in the layer of cells in which they developed.
Localized: Cancer is limited to the organ in which it began, without evidence of spread.
Regional: Cancer has spread beyond the primary site to nearby lymph nodes or organs and tissues.
Distant: Cancer has spread from the primary site to distant organs or distant lymph nodes.
Unknown: There is not enough information to determine the stage.