1. Semicolons (the winky face ;) Independent clause; independent clause. The Ravens won the Superbowl; all 49er fans are depressed. Ha-ha!!!

2. Independent clause; conjunctive adverb, independent clause. The letter was oversized; therefore, it needed extra postage.

3. List of conjunctive adverbs Accordingly, additionally, also, besides,, comparatively, consequently, finally, further Furthermore, elsewhere, equally, hence, henceforth However, in addition, in comparison, in contrast, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, namely, nevertheless, now, otherwise, rather, similairly, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, therefore, thus, yet

4. And the list goes on and on The semicolon can help divide crazy lists: The committee included Peter Wursthorn, Professor of Mathematics, from Marlborough, Connecticut; Virginia Villa, Professor of English, from Hartford, Connecticut; Paul Creech, Director of Rad-Tech, from Essex, Connecticut; and Joan Leach, Professor of Nursing, from Farmington, Connecticut.

5. Use a colon before a list What comes before the colon must be a complete sentence. Please sumbit copies of the following documents: passport, birth certificate, and Social Security card.

6. Use a colon before a long quotation This is the last part of my letter: “Thank you for accepting our invitation to come speak. We look forward to your visit.”

7. Colon in conventional situations Digital time 8:30am Biblical verse John 3:16 Titles and Subtitles Street Smarts: A Pedestrian’s Guide After a salutation of a business letter To whom it may concern: