2. Geographical Basics Scales Space Place Borders Networks Globalization Environment/Society Relations Cultural Landscapes Economic Development Agriculture Population and Migration Cultural Geographies Identity and Gender Power Geopolitics

3. Scales in Geography 1.Global 2.World-regional (e.g. North America) 3. State (e.g. United States) 4. Regional (e.g. American West 5. Metropolitan Region (e.g. Denver Metro) 6. Locality (e.g. Boulder) 7.Neighborhood (e.g. the “Hill’) 8.Household: Gender relations, Age relations 9.Personal: Body/Emotions/Identity/Spirituality

4. 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Pyramid Model

5. Scale Relations 1. 1. Horizontal linkages 2. Vertical linkages 3. Jumping Scales

6. E. Europe W. Europe Russia Central Asia S.E. Asia China/E. Asia Middle East S. Asia Africa Mexico, Central America and Caribbean North America Regional Linkages South America

7. World Trade Organization Vertical Linkages State of Colorado US Governnment City of Boulder

8. Horizontal Municipal Linkages Dushanbe, Tajikistan World Trade Organization State of Colorado US Government City of BoulderJalapa, Nicaragua

9. Jumping Scales Myanmar Dushanbe, Tajikistan World Trade Organization US Governnment State of Colorado City of Boulder

10. Chiapas Jumping Scales the Boomerang Effect Govs of Germany, France Spain Etc. Cleveland Government Of Mexico San Cristobal de las Casas

11. Space Absolute or abstract space: space as a container Social or relative space: space produced through social interaction. Societies produce space and space, in turn, produces societies. Public space: space made available by the government or by private groups for political or leisurely activity.

12. Place A portion of geographical space occupied by a person or thing, and thus given meaning. Place is constructed out of interconnected processes operating at all scales, but which come together in a unique configuration at a particular location.

13. Borders Political borders: National Municipal Human borders: Societal/Ethnic/Racial: Difference Personal Absolute borders/barriers Permeable borders/barriers Do Borders Still Matter?

14. Networks The Geography of Orange Juice –Things as networks –Places as networks –Spaces as networks Networks

15. Preview Slides The following slides were not shown in the introduction and you do not need to be responsible for them on the first midterm; however, they give a preview of what is to come in the remainder of the course

16. Globalization Increasing connectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political and cultural change.

17. Time / Cost YEAR 180019002000 Time Lag Cost Communication Convergence

18. Environment-Society Relations Environmental Determinism Environment  Society Cultural Landscape Society  Environment Probably some of both Environment Society

19. Development The process by which a society goes about realizing its potential. Long history of politically charged interpretations Different approaches to development –Economic Development –Social Development –Sustainable Development –Alternative Development –Contrast with Uneven Development

20. Migration Push Factors: –Conditions that cause people to leave their area Pull Factors: –Conditions that attract people to another location

21. Culture and Identity The individual expression of a culture or multiplicity of cultures how one person associates or distinguishes his or herself in the context of existing cultures –National identity –Ethnicity or Race –Religion –Gender identity Multiple interlocking identities

22. Gender Social elaboration of sex-based differences How do gendered social relations vary over space and time? how are these implicated in the making of place and spaces at different scales? –Household-State –Community-Global

23. Power The real or presumed ability of a person, group or institution to exert force or influence, to make others do their bidding Relations of power “Relations of rule” At all scales

24. Geopolitics the study of control over territory, of power over the earth and the peoples on it. Nation State Nationalism

25. Local Regional International Transnational Supranational Geopolitics scales

26. Resistance Social activism Revolution: armed/violent Scott: “Weapons of the Weak” Changing scalar relations of resistance