1. Objective: describe the theory of plate tectonics

2. Plate Tectonics
The crust is embedded into the lithosphere and broken into plates

3. Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics: continents are embedded in lithospheric plates, as the lithosphere moves on the asthenosphere, the continents also move.

4. What makes plates move?
The heat of the mantle forms a process called Convection.
As the magma in the mantle that is close to the core heats up, it rises towards the surface of the Earth.
When it gets near the surface it cools and sinks back down again, gets re-heated and the process repeats

5. Why do plates move?
This movement of magma into the asthenosphere is what causes the lithosphere and plates to move!

6. Develop a Theory
Come up with a theory to explain the next 3 pieces of evidence…

7. Evidence #1
The continents look like they fit together.

8. Evidence #2
Some fossils are only found in isolated parts of the world all the way across the oceans.

9. Evidence #3
Rock layers and structures match in continents separated by the oceans.

10. What does this evidence support about how the world looked 250 million years ago?
Why/What caused continents to move?

11. Continental Drift Theory
Continental drift theory is the movement of the continents
It states that 250 million years ago the continents were one super continent and have since drifted apart
The super continent is called Pangaea

14. The Evidence:
While we cannot go back 250 million years and observe the position of the continents (since we don’t have a time machine), here is the evidence that supports continental drift theory:

15. Evidence for continental drift
The continents appear to fit together
2. Fossils of the same animals and plants are found on different continents
3. Matching rock formations are found on different continents
4th piece of evidence: Ancient Matching Climates. Ex: matching land areas showing evidence of ancient glaciation are now located near the equator.

19. Stop!

20. Plate Boundaries
The edge of a plate where it meets another plate is called a Plate Boundary
There are three things that can happen at plate boundaries:
content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?cha pter_no=08

21. 1: Plates can move apart- Divergent
Animation!
learn/plate4.htm

22. Divergent:
This happens at Mid-ocean ridges, it causes the sea to get wider. (Sea-Floor Spreading)
Causes earthquakes, volcanoes, rift valleys, ridges.
Ex: the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the East Pacific Rise

23. 2: Plates can slide past each other- Transform

24. Transform: Plates slide past each other Causes earthquakes
Ex: San Andreas Fault, North Anatolian Fault
erc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.c fm?chapter_no=08

25. 3) Plates move towards each other- Convergent
Three types of convergent boundaries-
Ocean-ocean subduction
Ocean-continent subduction
Continent-continent collision
Subduction means one plate diving under another plate

26. A: Ocean-ocean subduction
Occurs deep in the ocean.
Causes deep-sea trenches, earthquakes, volcanic island arcs
Ex: Indonesian Islands

27. A: Ocean-ocean subduction
PICTURE!

28. B: Ocean-continent subduction
An oceanic plate dives under a continental plate
Causes deep-sea trenches along continents, earthquakes, volcanoes on the edge of a continent
Ex: Western coast of South America
s0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

29. B: Ocean-continent subduction
Picture!

30. C: Continent-Continent Collision
Two continents run in to each other.
Causes mountains to rise (mountain building), earthquakes
Ex: Himalayas- India crashed in to Asia!
808page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

31. C: Continent-Continent Collision
/es0808/es0808page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

32. Questions (due Monday!):
Section review 8.2- pg 179
1: Explain how new oceanic crust is formed at a divergent boundary.
2: Describe two different types of subduction boundaries. Use the plate boundary map on pages to identify an example of each type.
3: Describe what happens at a collision boundary. Identify a collision boundary on the map on pages
4: Describe the movement of plates at a transform boundary, and give some examples.
5: What types of plate boundaries are not shown in the diagram on pages ?
6: Critical Thinking: Explain how the densities of oceanic crust and continental crust influence what happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate.
7: Geography: In 2001, a large earthquake related to the movements of two plates occurred about 20 kilometers northeast of Olympia, Washington. Use the map on pages to identify the plates and the type of boundary they share.