2. Everything we need to sustain life is enclosed in the system of our planet, just like a spaceship. Earth’s Spheres ‘The Earth as a System or a Spaceship’ ***Take Notes*** Earth’s Spheres ‘The Earth as a System or a Spaceship’ ***Take Notes***

3. Earth System Science (ESS) The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres A relatively new science (1988) The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres A relatively new science (1988)

4. Earth’s Spheres ------------------ Main 4: 1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere 3. Lithosphere 4. Biosphere ------------------ Cryosphere Anthrosphere ------------------ Main 4: 1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere 3. Lithosphere 4. Biosphere ------------------ Cryosphere Anthrosphere

5. Atmosphere 1. The sphere of gas that envelopes Earth Consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. 1. The sphere of gas that envelopes Earth Consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

6. Hydrosphere 1. All of the water on Earth 71% of the Earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma 1. All of the water on Earth 71% of the Earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma

7. Lithosphere 1.The Earth's solid surface, often called the crust It includes continental and oceanic crust as well as the various layers of the Earth's interior. 1.The Earth's solid surface, often called the crust It includes continental and oceanic crust as well as the various layers of the Earth's interior.

8. Biosphere 1. All life on earth, including humans and all organisms. The life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system. 1. All life on earth, including humans and all organisms. The life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.

9. Cryosphere The portion of the Earth's surface where water is in a solid form Snow or ice: includes glaciers, ice shelves, snow, icebergs, and arctic climatology The portion of the Earth's surface where water is in a solid form Snow or ice: includes glaciers, ice shelves, snow, icebergs, and arctic climatology

10. Anthrosphere Humanity and structures built by humans. The human population, it’s buildings, dams, and other constructions. Humanity and structures built by humans. The human population, it’s buildings, dams, and other constructions.

11. Interconnected Spheres 1. Spheres are closely connected 2. Changes often cause chain reactions A change in one sphere results in changes in others - called an event –Forest fire destroys plants in an area Interactions between spheres –No plants => erosion –Soil in water => increased turbidity –Turbidity => impacts water plants/animals A change in one sphere results in changes in others - called an event –Forest fire destroys plants in an area Interactions between spheres –No plants => erosion –Soil in water => increased turbidity –Turbidity => impacts water plants/animals

12. Event Sphere Causes & Effects Interactions Event Sphere Sphere Examples: 1. Earthquake 2. Auto traffic 3. Plant a tree Causes & Effects Interactions Event Sphere Sphere Examples: 1. Earthquake 2. Auto traffic 3. Plant a tree

13. ESS Analysis Events –Cause-effect events –Interactions – Natural events Earthquake, hurricane, forest fires –Human caused events Oil spill, air pollution, construction Events –Cause-effect events –Interactions – Natural events Earthquake, hurricane, forest fires –Human caused events Oil spill, air pollution, construction

14. ESS Analysis What spheres caused the event? Sphere Event What are effects of the event on the spheres? Event Spheres How do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres? Sphere Sphere What spheres caused the event? Sphere Event What are effects of the event on the spheres? Event Spheres How do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres? Sphere Sphere

15. Understanding Interactions Global implications Helps people predict outcomes Preparation for natural disasters Environmental impacts of human activities Global implications Helps people predict outcomes Preparation for natural disasters Environmental impacts of human activities

16. ESS Analysis An Example - –Yellowstone Forest Fire Group activity 1. Each group collects ideas of how these events affect their ‘sphere’ – Mt St Helen’s eruption: 1980 – Hurricane Katrina: 2005 An Example - –Yellowstone Forest Fire Group activity 1. Each group collects ideas of how these events affect their ‘sphere’ – Mt St Helen’s eruption: 1980 – Hurricane Katrina: 2005