1. ROCKS AND MINERALS
UNIT ONE

2. A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains
WARM-UP #1
A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains

3. no materials that were once part of living things.
ANSWER
no materials that were once part of living things.

4. WARM-UP #2
The repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forms a solid called a(an)

5. ANSWER
crystal.

6. VOCABULARY
mineral
inorganic
crystal
streak

7. VOCABULARY
Mineral 
A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and definite chemical composition.
Inorganic 
Not formed from living things or the remains of living things

8. VOCABULARY
Crystal 
A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats over and over again
Streak
The color of the minerals powder

9. WARM-UP #3
Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s crust, they are not classified as minerals because

10. They are not naturally occurring
ANSWER
They are not naturally occurring

11. WARM-UP #4
Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly. Instead, they have a characteristic type of

12. ANSWER
fracture

13. VOCABULARY
luster
Mohs hardness scale
cleavage,
fracture

14. VOCABULARY luster The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
Mohs hardness scale  
A chart, with numbers, that ranks the hardness of the mineral as it relates to other minerals

15. VOCABULARY
cleavage
The minerals ability to split easily along flat surfaces
fracture
The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way

16. The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is
WARM-UP #5
The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is

17. ANSWER
talc

18. WARM-UP #6
Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that is

19. smooth and shiny with no visible grain
ANSWER
smooth and shiny with no visible grain

20. VOCABULARY
granite
basalt
grains
texture

21. VOCABULARY
Granite 
A usually light colored igneous rock that is found in the continental crust
Basalt 
A dark dense igneous rock with a fine grain that is found in the oceanic crust

22. VOCABULARY
grains
The particles o f minerals and other rocks that give a rock its texture
texture
The look and feel of a rocks surface, determined by the size, shape, ad patterns of the rocks grains

23. WARM-UP #7
When all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock is described as

24. ANSWER
coarse grained

25. WARM-UP #8
Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called

26. ANSWER
igneous rock

27. VOCABULARY
Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

28. VOCABULARY
Igneous
A type of rock that forms from cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

29. VOCABULARY
sedimentary,
A type of rock that forms when the particle of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

30. VOCABULARY
Metamorphic
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reaction

31. Where does most metamorphic rock form?
WARM-UP #9
Where does most metamorphic rock form?

32. ANSWER
Deep underground

33. The most abundant intrusive, igneous rock in the continental crust is
WARM-UP #10
The most abundant intrusive, igneous rock in the continental crust is

34. ANSWER
granite

35. WARM-UP #11
The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is

36. ANSWER
deposition

37. VOCABULARY
Extrusive
intrusive

38. Igneous rock that forms from lava at the Earth’s surface
VOCABULARY
Extrusive
Igneous rock that forms from lava at the Earth’s surface

39. Igneous rock that forms When magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface
VOCABULARY
Intrusive
Igneous rock that forms When magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface

40. WARM-UP #12
A sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments with rounded edges is called

41. ANSWER
conglomerate

42. WARM-UP #13
Chalk formed from sediments made of skeletons of microscopic living things in the ocean must be a(an)

43. ANSWER
Organic rock

44. WARM-UP #14
The texture of a metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in parallel layers is described as

45. ANSWER
foliated

46. VOCABULARY
sediment
erosion
compaction
cementation

47. VOCABULARY
Sediment
Small solid pieces of material that comes from rocks or organisms
Erosion
The process by which water, wind, ice or gravity moves weathered rocks or soil

48. VOCABULARY cementation
The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass
compaction
The process by which sediments are pressed together by their own weight

49. WARM-UP #15
Erosion on a mountain range that was pushed up as a result of two continental plates colliding will lead to the formation of

50. ANSWER
Sedimentary rock

51. WARM-UP #16
During the rock cycle, a collision between two continental plates could force one plate down toward the heat of the mantle, producing

52. ANSWER
Metamorphic rock

53. The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from
WARM-UP #17
The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from

54. ANSWER
The heat of the mantle

55. VOCABUALRY
Clastic rock
Organic rock
Chemical rock

56. VOCABUALRY
Clastic rock –Sedimentary rocks that are formed when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure

57. VOCABUALRY
Organic rock- Sedimentary rocks that are formed when the remains of organisms are deposited into thick layers– coal & limestone

58. VOCABUALRY
Chemical rock –Sedimentary rocks that are formed when minerals crystal from a solution

59. WARM-UP #18
A series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called

60. ANSWER
The rock cycle

61. If you broke a mineral into tiny pieces, each piece would
WARM-UP #19
If you broke a mineral into tiny pieces, each piece would

62. Still show the same crystal structure
ANSWER
Still show the same crystal structure

63. VOCABULARY
Foliated
Rock Cycle

64. VOCABULARY
Foliated
Terms used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Rock cycle
A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rock from one kind into another

65. WARM-UP #20
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together is

66. ANSWER
cementation

67. WARM-UP #21
A mineral with a hardness of 6 will scratch a mineral with a hardness of ________ than 6.

68. ANSWER
less

69. Particles of minerals called ___________ give a rock its texture.
WARM-UP #22
Particles of minerals called ___________ give a rock its texture.

70. ANSWER
grains

71. WARM-UP #23
The small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks are called _________________.

72. ANSWER
sediment

73. WARM-UP #24
High pressure can change an igneous rock into a(an) _____________________ rock.

74. ANSWER
metamorphic

75. WARM-UP #25
Each major group of rocks follows ___________________ in the rock cycle.

76. ANSWER
Many pathways