1. Getting to Know Your NECAP Science Reference Sheet

3. Plate Movements

5. Mantle Layers: Lithosphere The thin outermost shell of the upper mantle is similar to the crust, though cooler and more rigid. Together with the crust, this layer is called the Earth’s lithosphere.

6. Mantle Layers: Asthenosphere The lithosphere is actually broken up into several large pieces, or plates. They “float” on a softer mantle layer called the asthenosphere. Their very slow motion is the cause of plate tectonics, a process associated with continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains.

7. 1. What is the driving force behind the movement of the crustal plates shown in the map? Convection Currents

8. 2. What process occurs in the mid- Atlantic ocean where the tectonic plates are moving away from each other?

9. Plate Tectonics

10. 3. Types of Boundaries Divergent Boundaries: At divergent boundaries new crust is created as two or more plates pull away from each other. Oceans are born and grow wider where plates diverge or pull apart. Convergent Boundaries: Here crust is destroyed and recycled back into the interior of the Earth as one plate dives under another. These are known as Subduction Zones - mountains and volcanoes are often found where plates converge. Transform-Fault Boundaries: Transform-Fault Boundaries are where two plates are sliding horizontally past one another. These are also known as transform boundaries or more commonly as faults.

11. 4. If you were looking at data detailing the locations of the most recent earthquakes and volcanoes and you compared it to the plate movement map what patterns would you see?

13. Formulas

14. Velocity VELOCITY IS THE SPEED AND DIRECTION IN WHICH SOMETHING MOVES. Velocity is the distance an object travels per unit of time, in a specific direction The distance an object travels per unit of time, without regard to its direction of travel, is called Speed. Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

15. Acceleration

16. Here’s something better than Phil Collins… Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

18. Ionization Energy Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. Easy to remove = low energy Hard to remove = high energy

20. The element potassium has 19 total electrons So remember kids the more electrons down the column the easier it is to lose them (lower energy)

22. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum Song

23. 1. Messenger RNA carries the genetic code that is called? 2. Transfer RNA carries the genetic code that is called?

24. DNA 101

25. DNA and RNA Part 2 Fast Types of RNA