1. Present Perfect

2. I have lived in LA. She has lived in LA. I haven’t lived in LA. She hasn’t lived in LA. Have I lived in LA? Has She lived in LA?

3. Present Perfect - Use to actions that happen all the time. - lately, recently, in the past few days, these days, several times, many times, twice, so far, up to now, until now.

4. Present Perfect – since/for I’ve been here since 7:30 pm. They have been married for 10 years. Pay attention! You have studied French for 4 years. ≠ You studied French for 4 years.

5. Present Perfect + Adverbs Yet = já (expectation, used in the end of the sentences) Ex.: Have you done your homework yet? Has she finished her job yet ? Yet = ainda (used in the end of negative sentences) Ex.: She has not cooked yet. They haven’t paid the bill yet.

6. Yet = contudo, no entanto (Conjunction) Ex.: I study, and yet I don’t understand Math. Already = já (something that happened) Ex.: I have already gone to Florida. She has already taken the medicine.

7. Already = já (used in question with affirmative meaning) Ex.: Have you already arrived? Have you already set up your bedroom? Already = já (used in the end of the sentences to express surprise) Ex.: Have you stopped already? Has she woken up already?

8. Ever = já, alguma vez (used in question) Ex.: Have you ever seen such a beautiful night? Have you ever eaten a frog? Ever = já (used in affirmative sentences after na adjective in the superlative) Ex.: You are the craziest teacher I’ve ever had.

9. Just = acabou de, há pouco (used in recent situations) Ex.: They have just knocked on the door. Still = ainda (used to show continuity) Ex.: The little girl is still crying. She hasn’t found her cat.

10. Been to = esteve Ex.: Have you ever been to China? Always/never = sempre/nunca Ex.: I have always prepared my classes. She has never drunk brandy.