1. Biomedical waste management
By group I (KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and ALI SOHAIL)

2. Learning Objectives Define biomedical waste management
Classification of biomedical waste management
Disposal of biomedical wastes.

3. Biomedical waste management
Definition:
“Bio Medical waste” is any waste, which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or
animals or in research activities pertaining
to or in the production or testing of
biologicals and categories.

4. Healthcare waste Definition
Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the total waste stream from a healthcare facility (HCF)
Two basic categories
Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90%
Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%

5. Healthcare general waste
Healthcare General Waste (HCGW)
Paper Packaging
Plastic packaging
Food preparation
And other items that haven’t been contaminated

6. Healthcare risk waste Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) Infectious waste
Hazardous waste
Harmful to humans and environment

7. SOURCE OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Biomedical waste is generated in:
hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)

8. Components Solids: Catheters and tubes Disposable masks and scrubs
Disposable tools
Medical gloves
Wound dressings
Disposable tools, such as some scalpels and surgical staplers 8

9. Contd… Liquids: Blood Body fluids and tissues
Cell, organ and tissue cultures 9

10. Contd… Sharps: Blades (Razor or Scalpel)
Material made up glass such as cuvettes and slides.
Needles
Plastic pipettes and syringes 10

11. Contd… Laboratory waste: Animal carcasses Hazardous chemicals
Medicinal plants
Radioactive material with biological components
Supernatants
Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug are not considered biomedical waste 11

12. classification

13. Classification Non hazardous: approximately 75-90% of the
biomedical waste is non-hazardous
and as harmless as any other
municipal waste.
(E.G, Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc) 13

14. Classification Hazardous waste:
10-25% is hazardous and can be injurious to humans or animals and deleterious to environment.
It is important to realise that if both these types are mixed together then the whole waste becomes harmful.

15. Classification and management
Category
Waste Type
Treatment and Disposal Method
Category 1
Human Wastes (Tissues, organs, body parts
Incineration / deep burial
Category 2
Animal Waste
Category 3
Microbiology and Biotechnology waste
Autoclave/microwave/incineration
Category 4
Sharps
Disinfection (chemical treatment)+/autoclaving/microwaving and mutilation shredding
Category 5
Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs
Incineration/ destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills

16. Treatment and Disposal Method
Contd…
Category
Waste Type
Treatment and Disposal Method
Category 6
Contaminated solid waste
Incineration/autoclaving / microwaving
Category 7
Solid waste (disposable items other than sharps)
Disinfection by chemical treatment+ microwaving/autoclaving & mutilation shredding
Category 8
Liquid waste (generated from laboratory washing, cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting activity)
Disinfection by chemical treatment+ and discharge into the drains
Category 9
Incineration ash
Disposal in municipal landfill
Category10
Chemical Wastes
Chemical Treatment + and discharge in to drain for liquids and secured landfill for solids

17. Waste category treatment option
Management
Color coding
Type of container
Waste category treatment option
YELLOW
PLASTIC BAG
Cat 1,2,3, Incineration / deep
burial
RED
Disinfected container / plastic bag
Cat 3,6, Autoclave/microwave
/chemical treatment
Blue/white translucent
Plastic bag/ Puncture proof
Cat 4, Autoclave/microwave
/chemical treatment /
destruction shredding
BLACK
Plastic bag
Cat 5,9, Disposal in secure
landfill

20. Disposal Of Wastes

21. Containers Type Container type Bags – NO sharps, medicines or liquids
Must be appropriate to contents & regulations
Bags – NO sharps, medicines or liquids
Sharps bins – sharps ONLY
Other Rigid Bins – various e.g.
High liquid-content Clinical
Combustible Radioactive
Special & Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic)
Waste medicines
UN approvals relate to minimum standards for containing clinical waste in order to store and transport them safely.
At this University, you might use both bags and rigid plastic containers for different types of waste.
Read through…

22. Safe for Disposal to General Waste
Containers – Colour
Container colour
Tells other staff what is in the container
Tells the contractor what to do with the waste
Can apply to both sacks and rigid containers
Safe for Disposal to General Waste
Sharps
Lab plastics
Cytotoxic
Carcass, anatomical
With clinical waste, the colour of the container can help to identify the type of waste within. Here are some of the container types / colours that you will come across at the University.
Black bags should only ever be used for uncontaminated or decontaminated, non-offensive waste. For example, in some areas they are used for autoclaved laboratory plastics.
Otherwise, lab plastics will go in orange bags.
Carcass / anatomical material will only ever be placed in a yellow container, etc.
Other coloured containers or lids may be in use in your laboratory or area. If they are, be certain that you know what they are for.

23. Disposal Procedure – Carcass
Carcass or anatomical material
Small / medium carcasses or obvious body parts
Render safe first
Yellow bags or containers
Freeze prior to collection or keep refrigerated

24. Disposal Procedure – Blood
Blood or body fluids
Render safe first
Including heavily soaked materials (e.g. swabs, dressings)
Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking)
Freeze prior to collection

25. Disposal Procedure – Sharps
Including needles, scalpel blades and small pieces of glass
ALWAYS USE a Sharps bin
Do NOT overfill or shake
Follow H&S guidance and take care
(If contaminated) autoclave when bin is full

26. Disposal Procedure – Plastics
Laboratory plastics
Render safe first
If non-identifiable following autoclave then non-clinical disposal [Black Bag and label “Safe for Disposal”]
If identifiable still then possibly “offensive” - Orange Bag and label as for Clinical Waste
Oct/Nov2006
Introduction to Biological Waste Training Session

27. Disposal Procedure – Glass
Glassware
Render safe first
Designated boxes – clearly labelled “Broken Glassware – Safe for Disposal”
Except if contains hazardous chemicals – special disposal route via Chemistry

28. Disposal Procedure – Medicines
Designated medicine bins only (usually Blue Rigid container)
Do not use containers intended for other uses (e.g. sharps bins)
Do not pour down the drain
Some medicines are considered to be Special Waste

29. Disposal Procedure – Special I
Cytotoxic Waste
Special Waste, therefore
Packaging and labelling requirements
Holding locations – separate containment
“Pre-notification” of SEPA by contractor & Special Waste Consignment Note
Extra charges
Notify Waste Manager
If you are dealing with cytotoxic or cytostatic medicines (for example chemotherapy drugs) then both the waste medicine and any waste from animals or humans treated with these drugs or laboratory items contaminated with them are deemed to be Special Waste.
Special Waste must be kept separately from other clinical waste (sealable rigid plastic containers could be used here), stored in a locked holding location and tracked from producer to disposer due to their hazardous nature. As such, a 5-part Special Waste Consignment Note will need to be completed and SEPA (the Regulators) will need to be pre-notified that we are going to be moving this kind of waste.

30. Disposal Procedure – Special II
Infectious Waste
Wherever possible, should be rendered safe / inactivated BEFORE leaving the lab
If not possible then special conditions apply:
Packaging and labelling
Holding locations – separate containment
“Pre-notification” of SEPA
Extra paperwork
Extra charges
Notify Waste Manager immediately
Infectious is defined in the Hazardous Waste Directive as: “Substances containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known or reliably believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms”. Normal practice should always be to ensure that waste leaving the laboratory or practice has been rendered NON-INFECTIOUS. If you cannot do this for some reason, then it must be classified as Special Waste.
I will reiterate what I have said a couple of times already, in all normal activity using infectious agents, it is crucial to completely denature the agents – either through autoclaving or disinfection as appropriate – BEFORE they leave the laboratory.

31. Disposal Procedure - Reminder
Key points to remember:
Never fill sacks more than ¾ full
Never overfill sharps bins
Do NOT use anything that leaks
Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins before removing from lab
Always use a Barcode Label and complete your Label Record Sheet
Know if it is “Special Waste” & act accordingly
Place in approved Holding Location (freezer)

32. Resources

33. THANK YOU